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Production waste of primary lithium batteries constitutes a considerable secondary lithium feedstock. Although the recycling of lithium batteries is a widely studied field of research, the metallic residues of non-rechargeable lithium battery production are disposed of as waste without further recycling. The risks of handling metallic Li on a large scale typically prevent the metal from being recycled. A way out of this situation is to handle Li in an aqueous solution, from where it can be isolated as Li2 CO3 . However, the challenge in hydrometallurgical treatment lies in the high energy release during dissolution and generation of H2 . To reduce these process-related risks, the Li sheet metal punching residues underwent oxidative thermal treatment from 300 to 400 °C prior to dissolution in water. Converting Li metal to Li2 O in this initial process step results in an energy release reduction of ∼70 %. The optimal oxidation conditions have been determined by experimental design varying three factors temperature, Li metal sheet thickness, and residence time. With 96.9±2.6 % almost the entire Li amount is converted to Li2 O, after 2.5 h treatment at 400 °C for a Li sheet thickness of 1.99 mm. Final precipitation with CO2 yields 85.5±3.0 % Li2 CO3 . Using pure Li sheets, the product Li2 CO3 is obtained in battery-grade quality (>99.5 %). Non-precipitated Li is recirculated into the process on the stage of dissolving Li2 O, thus avoiding loss of material.The 1 H, 13 C, 15 N, and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 11 2,5-diaryl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones have been acquired in DMSO-d6 solution and the 13 C, 15 N, and 19 F NMR spectra have also been acquired in the solid state (solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance [SSNMR] and magic angle spinning [MAS]). The X-ray structures of Compounds 3, 5, and 6 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations at the gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO)/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level have provided a set of 321 chemical shifts that were compared with 310 experimental values in DMSO-d6 . To obtain good agreements, some effects need to be included. The SSNMR chemical shifts have been compared with gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations and with the heavy atom-light atom (HALA) effects.Increasing water-use efficiency (WUE), the ratio of carbon gain to water loss, is a key mechanism that enhances carbon uptake by terrestrial vegetation under rising atmospheric CO2 (ca ). Existing theory and empirical evidence suggest a proportional WUE increase in response to rising ca as plants maintain a relatively constant ratio between the leaf intercellular (ci ) and ambient (ca ) partial CO2 pressure (ci /ca ). This has been hypothesized as the main driver of the strengthening of the terrestrial carbon sink over the recent decades. However, proportionality may not characterize CO2 effects on WUE on longer time-scales and the role of climate in modulating these effects is uncertain. Here, we evaluate long-term WUE responses to ca and climate from 1901 to 2012 CE by reconstructing intrinsic WUE (iWUE, the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance) using carbon isotopes in tree rings across temperate forests in the northeastern USA. We show that iWUE increased steadily from 1901 to 1975 CE but remained constant thereafter despite continuously rising ca . This finding is consistent with a passive physiological response to ca and coincides with a shift to significantly wetter conditions across the region. click here Tree physiology was driven by summer moisture at multi-decadal time-scales and did not maintain a constant ci /ca in response to rising ca indicating that a point was reached where rising CO2 had a diminishing effect on tree iWUE. Our results challenge the mechanism, magnitude, and persistence of CO2 's effect on iWUE with significant implications for projections of terrestrial productivity under a changing climate.

Experience of alcohol-induced memory blackouts in adolescence may be an important risk factor for later harms. This longitudinal study (i) modelled trajectories of alcohol-related blackouts throughout adolescence, (ii) explored early-adolescent predictors of blackout trajectories and (iii) examined the association between blackout trajectories and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms.

Longitudinal study in which data from six annual surveys of a longitudinal cohort of Australian adolescents were used to model latent class growth trajectories of blackouts, adjusting for alcohol consumption frequency and typical quantity. Regression models were used to determine whether parent, child and peer factors at baseline (mean age=12.9) predicted profiles of blackout trajectory membership and whether blackout trajectories predicted meeting criteria for AUD in early adulthood (mean age=19.8).

Australian adolescents (n=1821; mean age=13.9-18.8years).

Alcohol-related blackouts, alcohol consumption frequency, typicalackouts (OR=2.51; 99.5% CI=1.18, 5.38).

Females in Australia appear to be at higher risk of adolescent alcohol-related blackouts independent of alcohol consumption levels and age of initiation. Alcohol-related blackouts may be associated with later alcohol use disorder.

Females in Australia appear to be at higher risk of adolescent alcohol-related blackouts independent of alcohol consumption levels and age of initiation. Alcohol-related blackouts may be associated with later alcohol use disorder.Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare congenital vascular anomalies. They are usually associated with congenital hemorrhagic hemangioma. The hemodynamic effect of fistulas depends on their size, as well as the location. The most common manifestations include central cyanosis, ischemic stroke, murmur over the lung fields, cardiomegaly and, less often, heart failure. We present the case of a child who was admitted to the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects due to central cyanosis and heart murmur.

Acetaminophen is widely administered to neonates but its effect on unbound bilirubin (UB) levels remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether administration of acetaminophen is related to an elevation of UB levels.

Infants with a birthweight of ˂1,500g admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017 and April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-one infants were enrolled, five of whom had received acetaminophen. Clinical data were analyzed when the highest UB value (UB peak) in each infant was recorded. Demographic data and information on treatment within the 24h before the UB peak were also collected. UB was determined by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method. Infants were categorized according to the presence or absence of acetaminophen administration (acetaminophen and no acetaminophen groups) within 24h of the UB peak. The relationship between UB values and various clinical variables was then compared.

Both the peak UB value and the ratio of gastrointestinal disease were higher in the acetaminophen group than in the no acetaminophen group.