Bullockcrabtree7194
03) and Granulicatella (P=.04); 2) immediately before the development of OM (n=57), Prevotella (P=.03), Fusobacterium (P=.03), and Streptococcus (P=.01); and 3) immediately before the development of severe OM (n=24), Megasphaera (P=.0001) and Cardiobacterium (P=.03). There were no differences in α-diversity between the baseline samples and Human Microbiome Project data.
Changes in the abundance of genera over the course of treatment were associated with the onset of severe OM. The mechanism and therapeutic implications of these findings need to be investigated in future studies.
Changes in the abundance of genera over the course of treatment were associated with the onset of severe OM. The mechanism and therapeutic implications of these findings need to be investigated in future studies.
In the current study, the authors assessed the risks and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in patients with resolved grade 3 to 4 ICI hepatitis because current guidelines recommend permanent ICI discontinuation in these patients.
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study from 2010 through 2019 of patients with melanoma who were treated with ≥1 ICIs and who recovered from grade 3 to 4 ICI hepatitis. The primary outcome was hepatitis recurrence and the secondary outcome was the development of any immune-related adverse event (irAE) requiring the discontinuation of ICI rechallenge. Best overall response and time to all-cause death were compared between the patients who did and those who did not undergo ICI rechallenge. Grading was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0).
Of the 102 patients with melanoma who developed high-grade ICI hepatitis, 31 underwent ICI rechallenge. Although 15 of 31 patients (48%) dents with melanoma who have recovered from grade 3 to 4 ICI hepatitis with a modest risk of serious irAEs. It remains unclear whether ICI retreatment improves clinical outcomes.
The optimal agent to treat acute agitation in the emergency department (ED) has not been determined. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of intramuscular droperidol, ziprasidone, and lorazepam for acute agitation in the ED.
This was a randomized, double-blind trial of ED patients with acute agitation requiring parenteral sedation. The study was conducted under exception from informed consent (21 CFR 50.24) from July 2004 to March 2005. Patients were randomized to receive 5 mg of droperidol, 10 mg of ziprasidone, 20 mg of ziprasidone, or 2 mg of lorazepam intramuscularly. We recorded Altered Mental Status Scale (AMSS) scores, nasal end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO
), and pulse oximetry (SpO
) at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120minutes as well as QTc durations and dysrhythmias. Respiratory depression was defined as a change in ETCO
consistent with respiratory depression or SpO
<90%. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients adequately sedated (AMSS≤0) at 1imilar in all groups.
Droperidol was more effective than lorazepam or either dose of ziprasidone for the treatment of acute agitation in the ED and caused fewer episodes of respiratory depression.
Droperidol was more effective than lorazepam or either dose of ziprasidone for the treatment of acute agitation in the ED and caused fewer episodes of respiratory depression.
To assess clinical and psychosocial outcomes of nurse-led follow-up in survivorship care of gynaecological malignancies.
Women with endometrial or ovarian cancer who were attending regular post-treatment follow-up at a tertiary referral centre were randomised into two groups-group-1 telephone follow-up by nurses and group-2 gynaecologists-led clinic follow-up. Women in group-1 were asked about their symptoms and quality of life (QoL) by nurses. Women in group-2 were followed up by gynaecologists and underwent symptom reviews and physical examinations. All ovarian cancer patients in both groups also had CA125 measured. All recruited women completed a QoL questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), HADS-anxiety questionnaire and symptom checklist.
385 women (215 with endometrial and 170 with ovarian cancer) were randomised. There was no significant difference in the detection of recurrence according to the two follow-up protocols. However, women in the nurse-led arm scored higher on emotional (p=0.023) and cognitive functioning (p=0.012). Those in the gynaecologist-led arm scored higher on the HADS-anxiety scale (p=0.001) and were more likely to report symptoms.
Our results demonstrate a preliminary non-inferiority of nurse-led follow-up, with improved psychological morbidity and QoL. Thus, nurse-led follow-up can be considered an effective substitute for hospital-based care.
Our results demonstrate a preliminary non-inferiority of nurse-led follow-up, with improved psychological morbidity and QoL. Thus, nurse-led follow-up can be considered an effective substitute for hospital-based care.Almost all plants form trichomes, which protect them against insect herbivores by forming a physical barrier and releasing chemical repellents. Glandular trichomes produce a variety of specialized defensive metabolites, including volatile terpenes. Previous studies have shown that the defence hormone jasmonic acid (JA) affects trichome development and induces terpene synthases (TPSs) but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized a loss-of-function allele of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor woolly (wo) and analysed its role in mediating JA signalling in tomato. We showed that knockout of wo led to extensive trichome defects, including structural and functional changes in type VI glandular trichomes, and a dramatic reduction in terpene levels. We further found that wo directly binds to TPS gene promoters to recruit SlMYC1, a JA signalling modulator, and that together these transcription factors promote terpene biosynthesis in tomato trichomes. The wo/SlMYC1 regulatory module is inhibited by SlJAZ2 through a competitive binding mechanism, resulting in a fine-tuned JA response in tomato trichomes. Enhanced expression of SlMYC1 substantially increased terpene levels and improved tomato resistance to spider mites. Interestingly, we also found that SlMYC1 plays an additional role in glandular cell division and expansion in type VI trichomes, independent of JA. Together, our results reveal a novel, JA-mediated regulatory mechanism that promotes insect resistance in tomato.
Patulin is a mycotoxin that mainly contaminates apple juice, which is a typical high sugar matrix. Many different adsorbents have been utilized to develop a sample pretreatment method to minimize the matrix interference from apple juice.
A simple and reliable extraction method for the determination of patulin in apple juice has been developed. The sample preparation involves a simple one-step cleanup procedure using amine-functionalized polymeric solid-phase extraction cartridges (Retain AX) that effectively remove interferences and facilitate the quantification. Abexinostat Isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) was employed to minimize the matrix effect and ensure reliable results. The limit of detection was as low as 0.2 μg kg
, which was satisfactory with regard to current European, US, and Chinese legislation. Matrix-matched linearity (r
= 0.9997) was established in the range of 1-400 μg kg
. Recovery was performed in samples spiked at three levels, and results were between 97.2% and 100.2%.
The results indicated that, with one-step cleanup, the matrix effect was negligible and sensitivity was satisfactory. Our work provided a simple and reliable method for patulin detection in apple juice and is also very promising in routine quality control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
The results indicated that, with one-step cleanup, the matrix effect was negligible and sensitivity was satisfactory. Our work provided a simple and reliable method for patulin detection in apple juice and is also very promising in routine quality control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.This study examined relations between behavioral inhibition in toddlerhood and social, school, and psychological adjustment in late adolescence in China. Data on behavioral inhibition were collected from a sample of 2-year-olds (initial N = 247). Follow-up data were collected at 7 years for peer relationships and 19 years for adjustment across domains. The results showed that early inhibition positively predicted later social competence and school adjustment. Peer relationships in middle childhood served as a protective factor in the development of depression of inhibited children. The results indicate the distinct functional meaning of behavioral inhibition in the Chinese context from a developmental perspective.
To compare the efficacy of a collagenated synthetic bone substitute (C-SBS) to a particulated synthetic bone substitute (P-SBS) in volume maintenance and new bone formations in a rabbit sinus model.
Either C-SBS or P-SBS was grafted in both sinuses of 16 rabbits. Four (N=8) or 12 (N=8) weeks after the surgery, total augmented volume (TAV) and area (TAA), as well as new bone volume (NBV) and area (NBA), were statistically compared by radiographic and histomorphometric analyses (p<.05).
The differences in TAV, NBV, TAA and NBA between C-SBS and P-SBS groups at 4weeks were not statistically significant. The TAV (267.13±62.08 vs. 200.18±40.32mm
) and NBV (103.26±10.50 vs. 71.10±7.58mm
) in group C-SBS were significantly higher than in group P-SBS at 12weeks (p<.05). The TAA (19.36±2.88 vs. 14.48±2.08mm
) and NBA (5.43±1.20 vs. 3.76±0.78mm
) in group C-SBS were significantly higher than in group P-SBS at 12weeks (p<.05).
Collagenated synthetic bone substitute grafted in rabbit sinuses demonstrated more favourable outcomes across all outcome measures compared to P-SBS at 12weeks.
Collagenated synthetic bone substitute grafted in rabbit sinuses demonstrated more favourable outcomes across all outcome measures compared to P-SBS at 12 weeks.
The aim of this qualitative study was to explore allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) survivors' perspectives of stresses and their coping strategies, in order to attain a deeper understanding of their experience.
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 Japanese allo-HSCT survivors about the stresses they experienced and how they coped. We then conducted a content-driven thematic analysis of the interview results. The interview questions probed stresses and coping strategies related to allo-HSCT.
We identified 74 stresses across 7 domains symptoms after transplantation, limitations in daily life, appearance changes, relationship anxieties, work impairment and financial issues, uncertainty and disappointed expectations. In addition, 21 coping strategies were identified across 3 domains direct efforts to manage problems, adaptive attitude, and seeking and using social support.
By identifying a broad range of stressors associated with allo-HSCT, insight was gained as to the impact of allo-HSCT on survivors' lives. These results provide a foundation for the future development of resources for survivors, their significant others and clinicians. Stressors and coping strategies among allo-HSCT survivors were comprehensively characterised, which will provide useful information for patients and enable healthcare practitioners to provide better care.
By identifying a broad range of stressors associated with allo-HSCT, insight was gained as to the impact of allo-HSCT on survivors' lives. These results provide a foundation for the future development of resources for survivors, their significant others and clinicians. Stressors and coping strategies among allo-HSCT survivors were comprehensively characterised, which will provide useful information for patients and enable healthcare practitioners to provide better care.
