Griffinsloan5192
The goal of this review is to summarize data concerning radiological and histological diagnosis of epileptogenic tumors, as well as to discuss their surgical treatment.
PubMed literature database was searched for relevant articles, we also used our own clinical experience.
Benign glioneuronal tumors are the second most common cause of drug resistant epilepsy in adults after hippocampal sclerosis. Exceptionally slow growth (more than 2 years), localization in the brain cortex, presence of differentiated neuronal tissue in tumoral body and long history of epilepsy are the key features of these tumors called LEAT (long-term epilepsy-associated tumors). Management of LEAT requires epileptological as well as neurooncological approach. The epileptogenic zone commonly spreads beyond the tumor borders and simple lesionectomy alone may not be sufficient for achieving seizure freedom.
LEAT typically exhibit low proliferative activity, however they should be thoroughly differentiated from more aggressive glial tumors; while this task is sometimes quite challenging, it's achievable by means of histological and immunohistochemical examination.
LEAT typically exhibit low proliferative activity, however they should be thoroughly differentiated from more aggressive glial tumors; while this task is sometimes quite challenging, it's achievable by means of histological and immunohistochemical examination.Currently, life expectancy is increasing every year, and with it the diseases that are characteristic of the elderly. Dementia is one such condition. According to statistics, there are 9 people with dementia per 100 healthy people aged 60 and over. selleck screening library However, it is important to understand that dementia can also be viewed in a historical context. Over time, ideas about this condition, approaches to its management, as well as the attitude of society towards patients with dementia have changed. The article describes the history of the study of dementia, which went along with the development of medicine, anatomy, neurology and psychiatry. In different historical periods, people's understanding of the mechanisms of development, etiology and pathogenesis of this condition has changed. Ethics and deontology gradually developed, which undoubtedly played an important role in improving the life of not only patients with dementia, but also the relationship between the doctor and the patient as a whole. The main stages in the study of dementia have become the basis for the modern understanding of this condition.The article is devoted to assessing the demand, as well as the formation and development in Russia of a new form of life arrangement for citizens with mental disorders - assisted living, which is aimed at normalizing the life of citizens with disabilities, primarily due to mental disorders, providing them with equal rights and opportunities, socialization and integration into society. The aim of the study was to assess the development of assisted living in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and to determine the needs of people with disabilities with impaired mental functions in this type of life arrangement. The article uses materials submitted by the executive authorities of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the organization of assisted living technologies. Methods of scientific system-structural and statistical analysis and synthesis were used to analyse and generalize the data. The results of the analysis showed that the formation of technologies is at the initial level, but with a development trend, which is expressed in an increase in the number of entities implementing this direction, and planning new activities for their organization. A rather high need for this form of living arrangement has been revealed, primarily among citizens with mental disorders.
To study an effect of neuroactive amino acids derivatives glufimet and mefargin on the psychoemotional state of rats after chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI).
The study was carried out on 10-month-old female Wistar rats. CAI was modeled by replacing drinking water with a 10% solution of ethyl alcohol sweetened with sucrose (50 g/l) for 6 months. Animals (age - 16 months) were divided into groups at the end of alcoholization 1 (
=15) - intact group - rats without CAI; 2 (
=14) - control - females after CAI; 3 (
=11), 4 (
=14), 5 (
=11) and 6 (
=10) - experimental - females after CAI who received the GABA derivative mefargin (25 mg/kg), the glutamic acid derivative glufimet (29 mg/kg) and comparison drugs phenotropil (25 mg/kg) and heptral (100 mg/kg), respectively. Substances were administered to rats after 6 months of alcoholization intraperitoneally once a day for 14 days, the intact and control groups received physiological saline. The psychoemotional state of the animals was studied in the «Open nd heptral after CAI (
<0.05).
Mefargin, glufimet, phenotropil and heptral restricted anxiety and manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder in females subjected to alcoholism (p less then 0.05). The antidepressant effect was observed in animals treated with phenotropil and heptral after CAI (p less then 0.05).
To evaluate the parameters of the electroencephalogram (EEG) using the methods of computer processing of EEG data for an approach to the analysis of possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the fluctuations detected in the EEG in patients in the somatogenic phase of acute poisoning with opioid receptor agonists.
Thirty-one patients were examined in the somatogenic phase of acute poisoning with opioid receptor agonists with a wakefulness level 3 to 15 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale. The EEG was recorded in accordance with the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. The indicators of electrical activity of the brain were analyzed; computer processing of EEG data, including spectral analysis, localization of equivalent dipole sources of pathological electrical activity of the brain localization of the maximum of the equivalent density of EEG oscillation currents in the neocortex, was performed.
Delta-band oscillations dominated in the majority of patients (65o account the recording time (somatogenic phase), may be due to the action of secondary alternating factors (hypoxia and cerebral edema).The resolution of the Council of Experts devoted to the discussion of the effectiveness of the use of a combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg 2 times a day and acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg per day to prevent recurrent non-coronary ischemic stroke results of the COMPASS study is presented. The advantages of this combination and the safety of its use are considered. Recommendations for the implementation of the results of the study in clinical practice are given.
To study the frequency and clinical manifestations of mental disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), to describe the personality characteristics and basic behavioral styles of these patients.
One hundred and sixteen women with PCOS were examined, the average age was 26.9±4.1 years. The diagnosis of PCOS was verified by a gynecologist based on the ESHRE/ASRM criteria, the qualification of the mental state was carried out by a psychiatrist based on the ICD-10 criteria. MMPI and 16-PF were used to assess personality characteristics.
Mental disorders were diagnosed in 76 (65.5%) patients. Generalized anxiety disorder (26.7%), recurrent depression (19.8%) and bipolar affective disorder (14.7%) were prevailed. A psychological study of the PCOS patients identified four main behavioral styles anxiety-depressive (
=18, 22.5%), masculine (
=18, 22.5%), hyperthymic (
=25, 31.3%) and sensitive (
=19, 23.7%). Anxiety-depressive and sensitive styles were most frequently combined with mental disorders.
Women with PCOS have an increased risk of developing mental disorders, which indicates the need to connect psychological and psychiatric support to their medical management.
Women with PCOS have an increased risk of developing mental disorders, which indicates the need to connect psychological and psychiatric support to their medical management.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of Mexidol film-coated tablets, 125 mg («RPC «PHARMASOFT» LLC Russia), compared with placebo in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6 to 12 years.
A multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 3 parallel groups was conducted in 14 clinical centres of the Russian Federation to assess efficacy and safety of Mexidol film-coated tablets, 125 mg («RPC «PHARMASOFT» LLC Russia) in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-12 years old with different dosing regimens. The study involved 333 boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD established in accordance with ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria. After screening (up to 14 days) the patients were randomised into 3 treatment groups in a 111 Mexidol 125 mg 2 times daily, Mexidol 125 mg daily+placebo and the placebo group. The duration of treatment in all groups was 42 days. 332 children completed the sressions Scale - Improvement) when comparing Mexidol therapy with placebo. The results of statistical analysis of the incidence of adverse events, laboratory values, physical examination show no significant differences between the compared groups in the main safety parameters.
The regimen of Mexidol, 125 mg film-coated tablets twice daily has been shown to be superior to the regimen of Mexidol, 125 mg film-coated tablets once daily and placebo. The safety profiles of the studied dosing regimens of Mexidol and placebo were comparable.
The regimen of Mexidol, 125 mg film-coated tablets twice daily has been shown to be superior to the regimen of Mexidol, 125 mg film-coated tablets once daily and placebo. The safety profiles of the studied dosing regimens of Mexidol and placebo were comparable.
To study evaluation of the effectiveness of a comprehensive personalized protocol for the prevention of repeated falls in elderly and senile patients.
Over the course of one year, 300 patients aged 60 and older who suffered two or more falls during the year were observed. Patients of group 1 (
=100) were recommended a comprehensive personalized protocol for the prevention of repeated falls, the observance of which was regularly monitored; patients of group 2 (
=100) received standard recommendations for the prevention of falls upon discharge from the hospital, the observance of which was not actively monitored; patients of group 3 (
=100) were observed by a therapist on an outpatient basis. Primary endpoints frequency of falls, death from any cause; secondary endpoints the frequency of fractures, the frequency of hospitalizations for any reason.
In group 1, after a year, the frequency of falls decreased by 5 times (100% vs. 21%,
<0.0001), in groups 2 and 3 - by 38% (
=0.013) and 81% (
<0.001). There was no significant decrease in the number of all fractures in any group, but in group 3, the frequency of vertebral fractures increased during the year (
=0.029). Statistically significant positive dynamics of indicators characterizing the geriatric status has been established walking speed, values on the basic activity scale, a short nutrition assessment scale, the results of the drawing hours test have increased, the intensity of pain has decreased. No one died in group 1, unlike 5 patients in group 2 and 8 in group 3 (
=0.011).
The use of a comprehensive personalized protocol for the prevention of repeated falls can reduce the number of complications in elderly and senile patients.
The use of a comprehensive personalized protocol for the prevention of repeated falls can reduce the number of complications in elderly and senile patients.
