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nesio-taping may be an effective adjunct to conventional physical therapy in improving sitting ability in children with spastic bilateral CP. Task-specific, intensive, and child-initiated intervention components show promise for improving sitting in young infants at risk for CP.The functional morphology of squamate fibrillar adhesive systems has been extensively investigated and has indirectly and directly influenced the design of synthetic counterparts. Not surprisingly, the structure and geometry of exemplar fibrils (setae) have been the subject of the bulk of the attention in such research, although variation in setal morphology along the length of subdigital adhesive pads has been implicated to be important in the effective functioning of these systems. Adhesive setal field configuration has been described for several geckos, but that of the convergent Anolis lizards, comprised of morphologically simpler fibrils, remains largely unexplored. Here, we examine setal morphology along the proximodistal axis of the digits of Anolis equestris and compare our findings to those for a model gecko, Gekko gecko. Consistent with previous work, we found that the setae of A. equestris are generally thinner, shorter, and present at higher densities than those of G. gecko and terminate in a singical factors are the chief determinants of these patterns of variation. Future empirical work, however, is needed to validate this. Our findings set the stage for future comparative studies investigating the functional morphology of these convergent adhesive apparatuses. Such investigations will lead to an enhanced understanding of the interactions between form, function, and environment of fibril-based biological adhesive systems.The mechanism for the mechanochemical synthesis of (C(NH2 )3 )3 PbI5 3 and (C(NH2 )3 )4 PbI6 4 and their conversion into each other is presented. We investigated the synthesis of 3 at different frequencies and energies using in situ powder X-ray diffraction. By splitting the reaction into single parts we could prove that the formation of 3 is simply dependent on the energy and mixing speed. The nucleation of 4 instead is slightly negative dependent on the energy but dependent on the mixing speed, while its growth is mostly independent of any influence. We were able to influence the reaction pathways by seeding the mixture with a small amount of powdery 4. The formation of 4 is very likely an auto-catalytic process. 3 instead is metastable. It can be stabilized by energy, which beside mechanochemistry can also be achieved by temperature. The results showcases the complex nature of mechanochemical reactions.Speakers of many languages prefer allocentric frames of reference (FoRs) when talking about small-scale space, using words like "east" or "downhill." Ethnographic work has suggested that this preference is also reflected in how such speakers gesture. Here, we investigate this possibility with a field experiment in Juchitán, Mexico. In Juchitán, a preferentially allocentric language (Isthmus Zapotec) coexists with a preferentially egocentric one (Spanish). Using a novel task, we elicited spontaneous co-speech gestures about small-scale motion events (e.g., toppling blocks) in Zapotec-dominant speakers and in balanced Zapotec-Spanish bilinguals. Consistent with prior claims, speakers' spontaneous gestures reliably reflected either an egocentric or allocentric FoR. The use of the egocentric FoR was predicted-not by speakers' dominant language or the language they used in the task-but by mastery of words for "right" and "left," as well as by properties of the event they were describing. Additionally, use of the egocentric FoR in gesture predicted its use in a separate nonlinguistic memory task, suggesting a cohesive cognitive style. Our results show that the use of spatial FoRs in gesture is pervasive, systematic, and shaped by several factors. Spatial gestures, like other forms of spatial conceptualization, are thus best understood within broader ecologies of communication and cognition.The intersection of the lives of 2 essential individuals in science, behavior analyst Murray Sidman (1923-2019), and Henry G. Molaison also known as Patient H.M. (1926-2008), warrants examination as it highlights the role of behavior analysis and other disciplines in the emergence of modern neuroscience and a collaborative approach to science. This paper describes the historical context and content of two publications by Sidman in which Molaison served as a research participant. The goal of the present paper is to emphasize this little-known facet of Sidman's rich career and to highlight the pioneering role of behavior analysis, and particularly the work of Murray Sidman, in the emergence of collaborative modern neuroscience.We investigated the role of verbal behavior on the emergence of analogy-type responding as measured via equivalence-equivalence relations. Isuzinaxib In Experiment 1, 8 college students learned to label arbitrary stimuli as, "vek," "zog," and "paf", and in Experiment 2, 8 additional participants learned to select these stimuli when hearing their names in an auditory-visual matching-to-sample (MTS) task. Experimenters tested for the emergence of relational tacts (i.e., "same" and "different") and equivalence-equivalence relations (analogy tests) via visual-visual MTS. Half of the participants were exposed to a think-aloud procedure. Even though they all passed analogy tests while tacting stimuli relationally, only participants exposed to tact training (Experiment 1) did so without the need for remediation. The results of these experiments confirm that individual discriminative and relational control of stimuli established through verbal behavior training is sufficient to produce equivalence-equivalence analogical responding, advancing the analysis of complex cognitive (problem-solving) phenomena.Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS) is a rare type of syndromic autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) caused by a mutation in the SLC27A4 gene that encodes the fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), which is responsible for keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier function. IPS is characterized by a triad of prematurity, perinatal respiratory asphyxia, and thick vernix caseosa-like scales. In this report, we present the clinical and molecular characterization of IPS in two Omani siblings.