Granthammaldonado9948

Constantly formed l-dopa was successfully detected as a plateau signal of dopachrome, and a Michaelis-Menten constant of Km,Ty was also determined as 0.061 ± 0.009 mmol L-1 by the CE/DFA. CE/DFA is applicable to two-steps enzymatic reactions.Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are pursued as drug targets for neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. High throughput drug screening targeting VGCCs depends on patch-clamp electrophysiology or fluorophore-based calcium imaging that requires powerful equipment and specialized expertise thus leading to cost escalation. Moreover, VGCC needs to be transfected into cell lines such as HEK-293. We report the presence of L-type VGCC (L-VGCC) subunit proteins, Cav1.2, α2δ and β in HEK-293 cells and the application of simple methods for its assay. Endogenous expression of the channel in HEK-293 cells overcomes the need for transfection. L-VGCC in HEK-293 cells was activated either by the agonist, BayK8644 or by KCl-mediated depolarization. Activity was detected using the calcium sensing probe, GCaMP6m by live imaging. L-VGCC activity induced enhancement in GCaMP6m fluorescence returned to baseline corresponding to channel-closure. Activity was also shown using a methodology involving end-point detection of the calcium dependent interaction of α-CaMKII with NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B sequence. This methodology further simplifies the assay as it eliminates the need for real time imaging. Activation was blocked by the specific L-type VGCC antagonist, nifedipine. Molnupiravir clinical trial Finding the protein and activity of L-VGCC in HEK-293 cells offers commercially viable assays for drug screening.

The isolation of nucleic acids is a frequently performed procedure in the molecular biology area. Although several rapid DNA isolation techniques from human peripheral blood and saliva have been developed, there are still some disadvantages - volume, time, cost, and yield are a few notable ones.

We aim to develop a rapid and inexpensive method to isolate high-molecular-weight genomic DNA from human peripheral blood and saliva that can be used for molecular biology experiments.

Five DNA isolation methods with slightly varying protocols were used. High-quality DNA obtained from one specific method was further amplified by PCR and the template with good amplification was further used for performing RFLP and sequencing.

Out of 5 different isolation methods (R1 to R5), DNA obtained from the R4 was of good quality (molecular weight is>10kb and 260/280 ratio is 1.89±0.2), which allows successful PCR amplification and good separation in Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis. Sequencing by the Sanger Sequencing produced a good readable sequence of an amplified fragment from Method R4 DNA.

In the present study we have developed a simple, rapid, and cost-effective DNA isolation method, which uses low sample volume and yields good quantity and high-quality product. The DNA obtained is highly fit for molecular genetics research applications.

In the present study we have developed a simple, rapid, and cost-effective DNA isolation method, which uses low sample volume and yields good quantity and high-quality product. The DNA obtained is highly fit for molecular genetics research applications.Sensitive and rapid diagnostic point of care testing (POCT) system is of great significance to prevent and control human virus infection. Here reported an immunochromatographic strip technology. The second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent dye encapsulated into polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, was integrated into a lateral flow assay platform to achieve excellent detection of influenza A/B. This surface-functionalized and mono-dispersed PS nanoparticles has been conjugated with influenza nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody as targets for influenza antigen-detection. This assay achieved the detection limit of 0.015 ng/mL for influenza A nucleoprotein and 4.3*10-5 HAU/mL (102.08 TCID50/mL) influenza A virus (influenza B 0.037 ng/mL, 9.7*10-7 HAU/mL (100.43 TCID50/mL)). Compared with an Au-based lateral flow test strip, the strip's sensitivity is about 16-fold higher than it. Strip detection properties remain stable for 6 months under 4 °C to 30 °C storage. The assay's intra assay variation is 5.14% and the inter assay variation is 7.74%. Other potential endogenous and exogenous interfering substances (whole blood, nasal mucin, saliva, antipyretics, antihistamines and neuraminidase inhibitors) showed negative results, which verified the excellent specificity of this method. This assay was successfully applied to the POCT quantitative detection of influenza A/B virus, the sensitivity to influenza A and B viruses was 70% and 87.5% respectively, and the specificity was 100%. Therefore, these microspheres can be used as an effective material for rapid POCT detection in clinical specimens.The alkaline leaching process of arsenic-containing solid waste discharged during nonferrous metal smelting affords typical high-salinity alkaline arsenic-containing wastewater (HSAW). In this study, for the first time, Me (Ca2+ and Mg2+)-AsO43--OH--H2O and Me (Ca2+ and Mg2+)-AsO43--CO32--H2O systems are studied based on a thermodynamic equilibrium diagram and an arsenic removal experiment, proving that the removal of arsenic using single metal ions in the presence of CO32- is infeasible because of carbonate coprecipitation. Based on this observation, a new method that uses magnesium ammonium complex salts (MACSs) for HSAW treatment is proposed. Based on the thermodynamic calculations of the Mg2+-AsO43--NH4+-CO32--H2O system and the arsenic removal experiment, carbonate and arsenate can be selectively separated by the formation of magnesium ammonium arsenate (NH4MgAsO4·6H2O). In an arsenic solution containing 150-g/L Na2CO3, the arsenic removal rate and the arsenic grade of the precipitation product reach 90.16% and 27.13%, respectively, when the molar ratios of Mg2+/NH4+As(V) are 1.81 and 21, respectively. The proposed method is successfully employed for treating a leaching solution of alkaline arsenic slag discharged during antimony smelting. The findings of this study will broaden the basic theory of HSAW treatment and lay a foundation for the resource treatment of arsenic-containing solid waste.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated during lignite combustion and gasification are highly carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. Leveraging solvent extraction without damaging the macromolecular structure of lignite could help better understand the chemical structure and further clarify the possible source of PAHs, and the possibility of their elimination, thereby improving lignite utilization efficiency. In this study, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and n-hexane were used to extract the feedstock at room temperature, and the constituents of the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS. The study showed that poly-condensed aromatic constituents were present in relatively high percentage in the extracts, due to the polarity effect of solvents, and could have a noticeable impact on the generation of PAHs. The aromatic hydrocarbons content accounts for nearly 70% of the total, which is about 10% higher than that of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and mainly exist in the form of 2 and 3 rings. Furthermore, FTIR, XRD and Raman were used to evaluate the macromolecular structural characteristics and the relevant information of the lignite bonds. The study demonstrated that the rupture of weak C-O or C-C covalent bonds promoted a more aromatic product, as strongly cross-linked networks of polycyclic aromatic components remained. The potential generation of PAHs was comprehensively ascertained by evaluating the extracts obtained at room temperature and products of combustion test， which can provide more information on PAHs pollutants.Abiotic photochemical reactions are usually very important degradation pathways for biorecalcitrant pollutants in surface freshwaters. Therefore, the assessment of photolytic lifetimes of contaminants helps estimate their impact on aquatic systems. This is commonly carried out by combining irradiation experiments and modelling, where the latter considers mathematical functions with polychromatic parameters, such as sunlight spectra, photolysis quantum yields (when Kasha's rule does not hold), and absorption coefficients. With the polychromatic approach, the photolytic lifetime is calculated by solving several integrals, which requires quite demanding modelling resources. In this work, we applied a recently developed approach, which is based on the equivalent monochromatic wavelength (EMW) approximation, to compute the direct-photolysis lifetimes of a range of >40 pollutants in inland waters. The EMW approximation allowed for easier modelling procedure, at the same time providing very good agreement with the polychromatic system. To further show EMW potentialities, lifetimes of three contaminants were mapped over the Piedmont region (NW Italy), as an example of how easy it becomes to geographically EMW-assess the potential of watercourses, to get photochemically decontaminated from pollutants.In the present work, the adsorptive removal of chromium (Cr) from water by carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was investigated. The morphology and structure of the CDC were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The effect of adsorption parameters including contact time, initial Cr concentration, temperature, initial solution pH, and CDC dosage was examined on the removal of Cr ions. The kinetic analysis revealed that the experimental data on the removal of Cr ions on CDC is well correlated with the pseudo-second order kinetic model (with R2 > 0.999), while the equilibrium data were fitted by the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model (with R2 > 0.992). The Langmuir and Sips models were also in good compliance with the equilibrium data, indicating a monolayer coverage of Cr ions onto the CDC surface with some heterogeneous active adsorption sites. The CDC revealed a notable Langmuir adsorption capacity of 159.1 mg/g for Cr ions at pH 6 and room temperature. The thermodynamic analysis illustrated that the Cr ions elimination by CDC is a feasible adsorption process and endothermic in nature. After five adsorption/desorption cycles, less than 18% reduction in the adsorption capacity was obtained indicating the stability and reusability of the CDC. Moreover, the CDC demonstrated an excellent potential in removing the Cr ions from real brackish water. According to the adsorption data, both physical and chemical adsorption processes occurred, and the adsorption was mainly controlled by electrostatic interactions with a possible reduction of hexavalent Cr to trivalent Cr at acidic conditions.The ecological and environmental quality of Dongjiang river watershed has great influence on Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. The landscape ecological risk assessment model could effectively monitor and assess environmental quality. In this study, spatial autocorrelation and geographic detector methods were used to explore the spatial characteristics of landscape ecological risk and their driving factors in the Dongjiang river watershed for four decades. The results showed that the ecological risks of Dongjiang River Source Watershed are mainly classified as low and intermediate, which are distributed in the hilly regions and the marginal mountainous regions at the junction of the Xunwu and Dingnan counties. From 1980 to 2018, the area of regions with the low ecological risk increased by 587.01 km 2. The size of regions with moderate, high and severe ecological risk decreased by 165.6 km 2, 258.82 km2 and 162.58 km2, respectively. Moreover, landscape ecological risk values exhibited an apparent spatial dependency, and high-risk areas cluster together.