Abildgaardmcmahan6342

To explore the correlation between shear-wave elastography (SWE) parameters and pathological profiles of invasive breast cancer.

A total of 197 invasive breast cancers undergoing preoperative SWE and primary surgical treatment were included. Maximum elastic modulus (Emax), mean elastic modulus (Emean), and elastic modulus standard deviation (Esd) were calculated by SWE. Pathological profile was gold standard according to postoperative pathology. The relationship between SWE parameters and pathological factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis.

In univariate analysis, large cancers showed significantly higher Emax, Emean and Esd (all P < 0.001). Emax and Esd in the group of histological grade III were higher than those in the group of grade I (both P < 0.05). Invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) showed higher Emean than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (P < 0.001). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) group showed higher Emax values than negative group (P < 0.05). Emax, Emean and Esd of the Ki-67 positive group presented higher values than negative group (all P < 0.05). Androgen receptor (AR) positive lesions had lower Esd than AR negative lesions (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, invasive size independently influenced Emax (P < 0.001). Invasive size and pathological type both independently influenced Emean (both P < 0.001). Invasive size and AR status were both independently influenced Esd (both P < 0.05).

SWE parameters correlated with pathological profiles of invasive breast cancer.In particular, AR positive group showed significantly low Esd than negative group.

SWE parameters correlated with pathological profiles of invasive breast cancer.In particular, AR positive group showed significantly low Esd than negative group.Empagliflozin (Jardiance®), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) initially developed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has also been approved in the EU and USA for the treatment of all adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure (CHF), regardless of their left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In pivotal phase III trials in ambulant patients with symptomatic CHF and mildly-reduced or preserved ejection fraction (EMPEROR-Preserved; LVEF > 40%) or those with symptomatic CHF and reduced ejection fraction (EMPEROR-Reduced; LVEF ≤ 40%), the addition of oral empagliflozin 10 mg/day to standard of care significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for HF (HHF), as well as that of a number of other outcomes indicative of worsening HF, compared with placebo. The beneficial effect of empagliflozin on CV death/HHF was seen irrespective of the presence or absence of T2DM and regardless of background HF therapies. In addition, empagliflozin significantly improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and was generally well tolerated, with an adverse event profile that was generally consistent with that seen in patients with T2DM. Thus, empagliflozin is a valuable treatment option for ambulant patients with symptomatic CHF across a broad LVEF spectrum.Photo-Fenton processes activated by biodegradable Fe(III)-EDDS complexes have attracted huge attention from the scientific community, but the operative mechanism of the photo-activation of H2O2 in the presence of Fe(III)-EDDS has not been fully clarified yet. The application of the Fe(III)-EDDS complex in Fenton and photo-Fenton (mainly under UV-B light) processes, using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a model pollutant was explored to give insights into the operative mechanism. Furthermore, the potential synergistic contribution of soybean peroxidase (SBP) was investigated, since it has been reported that upon irradiation of Fe(III)-EDDS the production of H2O2 can occur. SBP did not boost the 4-CP degradation, suggesting that the possibly produced H2O2 reacts immediately with the Fe(II) ion with a quick kinetics that does not allow the diffusion of H2O2 into the bulk of the solution (i.e., outside the solvent cage of the complex). So, a concerted mechanism in which the photochemically produced H2O2 and Fe(II) react inside the hydration sphere of the Fe(III)-EDDS complex is proposed.This study aims to evaluate the position, morphometric, and morphological features of the temporozygomatic suture (TZS) located on the zygomatic arch (ZA) in dry adult human skulls. Thirty-two crania were evaluated. Measurements for the TZS were carried out using the ImageJ software. Morphometric measurements were carried out bilaterally in 23 crania and unilaterally in 9 crania (right 4, left 5). A total of 55 TZSs were analyzed. Localization of the TZS was determined according to the reference landmarks on the ZA. Morphologic features of the TZS evaluated in terms of "joint shape type" and "suture margin pattern". Descriptive statistics of the morphometric and morphologic variables were calculated. A statistically significant difference between the right and left sides was observed for the localization of the TZS (p  less then  0.05). TZS is located more anteriorly on the left side than the right side. Based on the "joint shape type", four types of TZS were observed Type 1 (angular) (34.55%), Type 2 (curvy) (34.55%), Type 3 (oblique) (14.55%), Type 4 (horizontal) (16.36%). Based on the "suture margin pattern", five types of TZS were observed Type A (linear) (12.73%), Type B (denticulate) (34.55%), Type C (serrated) (23.64%), Type D (mixt) (21.82%), Type E (fused) (7.27%). No significant association between the type and lateralization was found for both morphologic classifications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published report regarding the localization and morphologic classification of the TZS in adult human crania. Considering the TZS with its morphometric and morphological features may contribute to clinical or forensic medical evaluations.

Microplastics (MPs) are small fragments from any type of plastic formed from various sources, including plastic waste and microfibers from clothing. MPs degrades slowly, resulting in a high probability of human inhalation, ingestion and accumulation in bodies and tissues. As its impact on humans is a prolonged event, the evaluation of its toxicity and influence on human health are critical. In particular, MPs can enter the human digestive system through food and beverage consumption, and its effect on the human colon needs to be carefully examined.

We monitored the influence of small MPs (50 and 100nm) on human colon cells, human colon organoids and also examined their toxicity and changes in gene expression in vivo in a mouse model.

The data suggested that 5mg/mL concentrations of 50 and 100nm MPs induced a > 20% decrease in colon organoid viability and an increase in the expression of inflammatory-, apoptosis- and immunity-related genes. In addition, in vivo data suggested that 50nm MPs accumulate in various mouse organs, including the colon, liver, pancreas and testicles after 7 d of exposure.

Taken together, our data suggest that smaller MPs can induce more toxic effects in the human colon and that human colon organoids have the potential to be used as a predictive tool for colon toxicity.

Taken together, our data suggest that smaller MPs can induce more toxic effects in the human colon and that human colon organoids have the potential to be used as a predictive tool for colon toxicity.Goldfish (Carassius auratus) have long fascinated evolutionary biologists and geneticists because of their diverse morphological and color variations. Recent genome-wide association studies have provided a clue to uncover genomic basis underlying these phenotypic variations, but the causality between phenotypic and genotypic variations have not yet been confirmed. Here, we edited proposed candidate genes to recreate phenotypic traits and developed a rapid biotechnology approach which combines gene editing with high-efficiency breeding, artificial gynogenesis, and temperature-induced sex reversal to establish homozygous mutants within two generations (approximately eight months). We first verified that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2B (lrp2aB) is the causal gene for the dragon-eye variation and recreated the dragon-eye phenotype in side-view Pleated-skirt Lion-head goldfish. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the albino phenotype was determined by both homeologs of oculocutaneous albinism type II (oca2), which has subfunctionalized to differentially govern melanogenesis in the goldfish body surface and pupils. Overall, we determined two causal genes for dragon-eye and albino phenotypes, and created four stable homozygous strains and more appealing goldfish with desirable traits. The developed biotechnology approach facilitates precise genetic breeding, which will accelerate re-domestication and recreation of phenotypically desirable goldfish.Lhca1 is one of the four pigment-protein complexes composing the outer antenna of plant Photosystem I-light-havesting I supercomplex (PSI-LHCI). It forms a functional dimer with Lhca4 but, differently from this complex, it does not contain 'red-forms,' i.e., pigments absorbing above 700 nm. Interestingly, the recent PSI-LHCI structures suggest that Lhca1 is the main point of delivering the energy harvested by the antenna to the core. To identify the excitation energy pathways in Lhca1, we developed a structure-based exciton model based on the simultaneous fit of the low-temperature absorption, linear dichroism, and fluorescence spectra of wild-type Lhca1 and two mutants, lacking chlorophylls contributing to the long-wavelength region of the absorption. The model enables us to define the locations of the lowest energy pigments in Lhca1 and estimate pathways and timescales of energy transfer within the complex and to the PSI core. CB-839 mouse We found that Lhca1 has a particular energy landscape with an unusual (compared to Lhca4, LHCII, and CP29) configuration of the low-energy states. Remarkably, these states are located near the core, facilitating direct energy transfer to it. Moreover, the low-energy states of Lhca1 are also coupled to the red-most state (red forms) of the neighboring Lhca4 antenna, providing a pathway for effective excitation energy transfer from Lhca4 to the core.Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost. However, critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li-S batteries. Carbon nitrides (CxNy), represented by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), provide new opportunities for overcoming these challenges. With a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content, g-C3N4 can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S species. In addition, its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li-S batteries. Here, the recent progress of applying CxNy-based materials including the optimized g-C3N4, g-C3N4-based composites, and other novel CxNy materials is systematically reviewed in Li-S batteries, with a focus on the structure-activity relationship.