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Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is caused by typically small tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). As tumor resection is the only effective treatment for TIO, it is important to detect the culprit tumor. We aimed to assess the utility of

Gallium-DOTA-D-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide (

Ga-DOTATOC) PET/CT in TIO and the correlation between biochemical parameters and the PET/CT results.

Thirty-five patients with clinically suspected TIO who had undergone

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed.

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT results were compared with biochemical parameters and the final diagnosis, including histopathology.

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT detected focal uptake consistent with TIO in 21/35 patients, one of which was considered false positive. In 16 patients, the cause of osteomalacia was confirmed histologically as phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (n = 15) or fibrous dysplasia (n = 1). The other four patients were judged clinically as true positive by subsequent MRI and the clinical course. Overall, the detection rate of

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was 57% (20/35). Median tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was 6.9 (range 1.5-37.7). There was no significant difference in serum intact FGF23 level between DOTATOC-positive and DOTATOC-negative cases, and no significant correlation was observed between intact FGF23 level and tumor SUVmax.

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was clinically useful in detecting culprit tumors and subsequent patient management in TIO.

68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was clinically useful in detecting culprit tumors and subsequent patient management in TIO.Based on clinical observations, our objective was to test if the older adults who failed to recall the name of the weekday, or had a higher number of mistakes in the word recall were at higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Longitudinal data of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) was used to retrospectively measure the cognitive capacity according to the ICOPE Step 1 tool. Incident dementia was assessed by two multidisciplinary committees independent from each other. MCI was defined as Clinical Dementia Rating scale CDR = 0.5. Failure to recall the name of the weekday had a three-fold risk of incident dementia in the next 5 years (HRa = 3.11, 95%CI 1.18-8.17). Having two or three mistakes in the word recall carried a higher risk of incident dementia, (HRa for two mistakes = 3.50, 95% CI 1.49-8.26; HRa for three mistakes = 4.28, 95% CI 1.60-11.46), but not MCI. People with impaired cognitive capacity according to the ICOPE Step 1 tool deserve further assessment and a closer follow-up.Atezolizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) that was approved in 2017 in the USA and Europe for the second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review article describes the practical clinical issues associated with atezolizumab treatment in NSCLC using a combination of four illustrative cases and a narrative literature review. The first two cases highlight the importance of tumor mutational status when making treatment decisions. A 62-year-old man with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated, PD-L1-positive, stage IV lung adenocarcinoma received treatment with second-line atezolizumab + bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (BCP) after first-line osimertinib. In the second case, a 63-year-old man with stage IVb lung adenocarcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation received sixth-line treatment with atezolizumab + BCP. The two final cases both had extensive metastases. A 55-year-old woman with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma received second-line treatment with atezolizumab + BCP after development of multiple metastases, followed by atezolizumab + bevacizumab until last follow-up. A 42-year-old man with PD-L1-positive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (negative for EGFR mutations) developed liver and brain metastases after several lines of therapy. He underwent holocranial radiation and received atezolizumab + BCP, which resulted in a decrease in all measurable and evaluable tumoral lesions. These illustrative cases indicate that the type and number of mutations may influence treatment response to atezolizumab, and that atezolizumab may provide clinical benefit in patients with high disease burden.Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an estimated prevalence of 10-15% in children and 2-10% in adults. Clinically, there is notable phenotypic variability driven by a complex interaction between genetics, immune function, and the environment. Impairment of the skin barrier plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. The apparent beneficial effect of sunlight in patients with atopic eczema is questioned due to its capacity to disrupt the skin barrier and generate free radicals that can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA. The sum of the external factors that an individual is exposed to throughout their lifetime is termed the exposome. Environmental factors such as sun exposure, temperature, and humidity contribute to both AD flares and regional prevalence variation. Literature on photoprotection in atopic dermatitis is very scarce. The use of adequate sunscreens in atopic dermatitis can ensure the level of photoprotection required to prevent skin photoaging and skin cancer and to mitigate skin barrier dysfunction, decrease inflammation, and neutralize facial redness. Herein we discuss and review the role of UV radiation and the exposome in the etiology of AD, as well as the role of adequate photoprotection.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of glucagon-like peptide1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on clinical and safety outcomes including glycemic control and cardiometabolic indicators using network meta-analysis.

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through June30, 2019. Randomized clinical trials comparing one or more of six eligible GLP-1RAs with placebo or another eligible GLP-1RA were identified. We further screened studies that had 24-30 week follow-up periods and target endpoints. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobinA

(HbA

). Secondary outcomes included additional glycemic control indicators, cardiometabolic measures, and adverse events. Frequentist random-effect network meta-analyses were conducted for effect comparison.

The NMA synthesized evidence from 54 studies covering 23,209 patients and 18 GLP-1RA regimens. All included GLP-1RA regimens except liraglutide 0.3mg once weekly (QW) significantly lowered HbA

after 24-30weeks compared with placebo. The pairwise comparison of HbA

-lowering effect showed that dulaglutide 0.75mg QW, dulaglutide 1.5mg QW, exenatide 2mg QW, liraglutide 0.9mg QW, liraglutide 1.2mg QW, liraglutide 1.8mg QW, loxenatide 100µg QW, and loxenatide 200µg QW were not significantly outperformed by any of the other regimens. The effects on blood pressure, weight, and lipids were relatively mixed. The GLP-1RA regimens had comparable safety profiles with regard to hypoglycemia and adverse events.

Regimens of GLP-1RAs had differential glycemic control and cardiometabolic effectiveness. Policymaking and patient-centric clinical decisions should take into consideration the comparative effectiveness profiles.

Regimens of GLP-1RAs had differential glycemic control and cardiometabolic effectiveness. Policymaking and patient-centric clinical decisions should take into consideration the comparative effectiveness profiles.

Repurposing established medicines for a new therapeutic indication potentially has important global and societal impact. The high costs and slow pace of new drug development have increased interest in more cost-effective repurposed drugs, particularly in the cancer arena. The conventional drug development pathway and evidence framework are not designed for drug repurposing and there is currently no consensus on establishing the evidence base before embarking on a large, resource intensive, potential practice changing phase III randomised controlled trial (RCT). Numerous observational studies have suggested a potential role for statins as a repurposed drug for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and we review the strength of the cumulative evidence here.

In the setting of cancer, a potential repurposed drug, like statins, typically goes through a cyclical history, with initial use for several years in another disease setting, prior to epidemiological research identifying a possible chemo-protective effect.epidemiological research identifying a possible chemo-protective effect. However, further information is required, including review of RCT data in the initial disease setting with exploration of cancer outcomes. Additionally, more contemporary methods should be considered, such as Mendelian randomization and pharmaco-epidemiological research with "target" trial design emulation using electronic health records. Pre-clinical and traditional observational data potentially support the role of statins in the treatment of cancer; however, randomised trial evidence is not supportive. Selleckchem PFK15 Evaluation of contemporary methods provides little added support for the use of statin therapy in cancer. We provide complementary evidence of alternative study designs to enable a robust critical appraisal from a number of sources of the go/no-go decision for a prospective phase III RCT of statins in the treatment of cancer.Bacon Ke, who did pioneering research on the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis, was born in China on July 26, 1920, and currently, he is living in a senior home in San Francisco, California, and is a centenarian. To us, this is a very happy and unique occasion to honor him. After providing a brief account of his life, and a glimpse of his research in photosynthesis, we present here "messages" for Bacon Ke@ 100 from Robert Alfano (USA), Charles Arntzen (USA), Sandor Demeter (Hungary), Richard A. Dilley (USA), John Golbeck (USA), Isamu Ikegami (Japan), Ting-Yun Kuang (China), Richard Malkin (USA), Hualing Mi (China), Teruo Ogawa (Japan), Yasusi Yamamoto (Japan), and Xin-Guang Zhu (China).

Information on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) voluntarily submitted by patients can be a valuable source of information for improving drug safety; however, public awareness of reporting mechanisms remains low. Whilst methods to automatically detect ADR mentions from social media posts using text mining techniques have been proposed to improve reporting rates, it is unclear how acceptable these would be to social media users.

The objective of this study was to explore public opinion about using automated methods to detect and report mentions of ADRs on social media to enhance pharmacovigilance efforts.

Users of the online health discussion forum HealthUnlocked participated in an online survey (N = 1359) about experiences with ADRs, knowledge of pharmacovigilance methods, and opinions about using automated data mining methods to detect and report ADRs. To further explore responses, five qualitative focus groups were conducted with 20 social media users with long-term health conditions.

Participant responses indicated a low awareness of pharmacovigilance methods and ADR reporting.