Mcmahonmatthews5586

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been suggested to impair fetal growth and development in toxicological studies, but epidemiological data are extremely limited. This study was designed to explore whether prenatal exposure to OPFRs was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (LBW) using a nested case-control design based on the ongoing prospective birth cohort in Wuhan, China. A total of 113 cases and 226 matched controls recruited from this cohort project in 2014-2016 were included. OPFR metabolite concentrations in maternal urine samples collected in the third trimester were determined, and birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Compared with the lowest tertile of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) concentrations, pregnant women with the highest tertile of DPHP had a 4.62-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72, 12.40) significantly increased risk for giving birth to LBW infants, with a significant dose-response relationship (p-trend less then 0.01). After stratification by newborn sex, the significant positive association of DPHP levels with LBW risk was merely observed among female newborns. Our results suggest a positive association between maternal urinary DPHP concentrations and LBW risk for the first time, and the effect appears be sex-specific.Background Because of the similar modes of transmission, simultaneous infection of viral hepatitis and HIV increasingly seen as a big problem related to humanity health. Aim In this study, we aimed to determine the drug mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected HIV-1 patients in Turkey. Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods The present was conducted between 2010 and 2017. HBsAg, Anti HCV and anti-HIV were tested with ELISA. All anti-HIV positive results by ELISA were verified for anti-HIV positivity by Western blot test, and Anti-HIV positive patients with HBsAg and/or Anti HCV positivity were included in the study. Subtyping and genotypic resistance analysis were performed by population sequencing of the viral protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the HIV-1 pol gene. Results We detected a total of 3,896 HIV-1 positive patients that their sera were sent from numerous hospitals across the country to PCR Unit for detection of drug resistance mutations and whose molecular laboratory tests were completed. The viral hepatitis co-infections were detected in 4.3% (n=170) in total and HBV and HCV co-infections were observed in 3.2% and 0.5% of all HIV-1 infected patients, respectively. Major HIV-1 subtypes were detected as a group M, subtype B (62.9%). However, 13.5% drug resistance mutation motifs were found in HIV-1 genomes of the patients that included to study. read more Conclusions In conclusion, because of similar transmission routes HIV positive patients have a risk for HBV and HCV co-infections. However, the ART drug resistance mutation pattern is observed to be similar with patients who are HBV and/or HCV negative. Patients with HIV-1 and their viral hepatitis co-infections should be recommended for careful surveillance.PURPOSE This study investigated whether shear wave elastography (SWE) could be used to estimate the chronicity of supraspinatus tendon (SST) tears. METHODS A retrospective study was performed. From November 2015 to July 2016, 113 patients (52 men, 61 women; age range, 21 to 79 years) with persistent shoulder pain underwent 119 rotator cuff tendon examinations by routine B-mode ultrasonography, while SST elasticity was measured using SWE. Following the exclusion of eight suboptimal examinations, four examinations with missing SST measurements, and 27 examinations of patients with other conditions, 80 examinations were analyzed. A torn SST was found in 54 examinations (27 with a partial-thickness tear and 27 with a full-thickness tear). Elasticity values were compared in multiple ways. The results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in elasticity values (in kPa) was found between normal (median, 94.65; interquartile range [IQR], 87.43 to 105.47) and torn SSTs (median, 96.79; IQR, 86.71 to 108.56) or between full-thickness tears (median, 93.80; IQR, 82.50 to 108.33) and partial-thickness tears (median, 96.83; IQR, 90.60 to 112.20). However, there was a statistically significant difference in elasticity according to whether the duration of symptoms was 1 year or less (median, 92.20; IQR, 84.01 to 104.38) or longer than 1 year (median, 105.10; IQR, 100.41 to 116.03; P=0.032). CONCLUSION Elasticity values were significantly higher in torn SSTs in patients with chronic shoulder pain that had persisted for more than 1 year. Further studies with larger samples seem warranted to determine whether elasticity values measured by SWE can be used preoperatively as a surrogate marker of the chronicity of a rotator cuff tendon tear.Background and Aims Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most dreaded complication in rectal surgery. It has a great impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality. This animal model, in which we have studied postoperative metabolic and inflammatory changes, is designed to imitate an anastomotic leakage. Materials and Methods 12 pigs were randomized into two groups. In the experimental group an iatrogenic rectal perforation was performed, the control group having a sham operation. The two groups were followed for 10 hours after operation with regard to vital parameters, arterial lactate, and cytokines IL1, IL6 and IL10 in the blood and intraperitoneally. Intraperitoneal microdialysis analyses of glucose, lactate, glycerol and pyruvate were performed and the lactate/pyruvate ratio was calculated. Results Glucose levels were lower in the experimental group after 4 hours. After 7 hours lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratios were higher in the experimental group. At the same time intraperitoneal cytokines IL6 and IL10 were higher in the experimental group.Blood samples showed higher IL6 after 7 hours in the experimental group. Conclusion In this study several significant differences between the groups in metabolic and inflammatory values were detected. Further clinical studies are recommended to evaluate the importance of intraperitoneal metabolic and inflammatory analyses as a diagnostic tool for early identification of an anastomotic leakage.