Richardjoensen5958
To elicit a deliberative monetary value for a year of sufficient capability well-being (YSC) and a year of full capability (YFC), to inform decision-making in the contexts of social care and public health.
69 members of the public, recruited from purposively selected electoral wards across the West Midlands Region of England, attended one of six deliberative workshops in 2017. Participants were informed about the nature of public health and social care, and the funding of these services by local authorities. Participants were then asked to report their willingness to pay additional tax (ring-fenced for social care/public health services); and the maximum amount they would be willing to allocate for social care/public health services from an existing local authority budget. In both cases they were asked to assume that the funding would result in improved well-being equivalent to a YSC. The second task was repeated for improved well-being equivalent to a YFC. Representatives from the six initial workshops reconvened at a consensus workshop to arrive at a final arbitrated value for a YSC and YFC.
Mean values elicited during the initial workshops increased after discussion (from £442 to £451 in the case of WTP additional tax). Almost half of participants changed their response post-discussion when reporting a societal (aggregated) WTP. ML348 ic50 The arbitrated value of a YSC was £33,500, with a range of £33,500 to £36,150 emerging as the value of a YFC.
This is the first study to use a deliberative approach to elicit a monetary threshold for an additional YSC/YFC. Qualitative research supports the validity of responses to the taxation question. Deliberation appears to have influenced the societal (aggregated) values reported by participants.
Future research should explore the robustness of a monetary threshold of £33,500 for a YSC.
Future research should explore the robustness of a monetary threshold of £33,500 for a YSC.
The main objective is to understand the practices regarding use of uterotonics during active labour and for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage and the barriers for its optimal and appropriate use at different levels of health facilities in five states of India.
Mixed methods approach comprising of cross-sectional observational study of existing practices of uterotonics use during labour and early postpartum period for 1479 vaginal deliveries at 56 facilities. Quantitative data was collected using pre-tested proformas filled by on-site observers and qualitative data was collected by in-depth interviews of 125 maternity care providers of the observed facilities.
Providers' knowledge, attitude and patterns of use of uterotonics during active labour and for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage during childbirth.
On-site observation and interviews indicated inappropriate choice of uterotonics administered in varied doses for labour management across facilities. Unnecessary augmentation of labour was obsed for all levels of health facilities.Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is detrimental to cardiovascular system. Alteration in glucose metabolism has been recognized as an important adaptive response under hypoxic conditions. However, the biological benefits underlying this metabolic phenotype remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the impact of hypoxic acclimation (HA) on cardiac I/R injury and the antioxidative mechanism(s). Male adult mice were acclimated in a hypoxic chamber (10% oxygen [O2]) for 8 h/day for 14 days, and then subjected to cardiac I/R injury by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 24 h or 7 days. Our results showed that HA attenuated oxidative stress and reduced infarct size in the I/R hearts. This cardioprotective effect is coupled with an elevation of protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification partially due to inflammatory stimulation. Hyperglycosylation activated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in an upregulation of NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG couples and enhancement of redox homeostasis in the heart. Pharmacological suppression of O-GlcNAcylation totally abolished the influence of HA on the G6PDH activity, redox balance and post-I/R damage in the hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes, whereby augmentation of O-GlcNAcylation further enhanced the benefits, suggesting a central role of O-GlcNAcylation in HA-initiated antioxidative and cardioprotective effects. These findings, therefore, identified HA as a promising anti-I/R strategy for the heart and proposed O-GlcNAc modification of G6PDH as a therapeutic target in ischemic heart disease.Defocus blur and spatial attention both act on our ability to see clearly over time. However, it is currently unknown how these two factors interact because studies on spatial resolution only focused on the separate effects of attention and defocus blurs. In this study, eleven participants performed a resolution acuity task along the diagonal 135˚/315˚ with horizontal, at 8˚ eccentricity for clear and blurred Landolt C images under various manipulations of covert endogenous attention. All the conditions were interleaved and viewed binocularly on a visual display. We observed that attention not just improves the resolution of clear stimuli, but also modulates the resolution of defocused stimuli for compensating the loss of resolution caused by retinal blur. Our results show, however, that as the degree of attention decreases, the differences between clear and blurred images largely diminish, thus limiting the benefit of an image quality enhancement. It also appeared that attention tends to enhance the resolution of clear targets more than blurred targets, suggesting potential variations in the gain of vision correction with the level of attention. This demonstrates that the interaction between spatial attention and defocus blur can play a role in the way we see things. In view of these findings, the development of adaptive interventions, which adjust the eye's defocus to attention, may hold promise.
