Covingtonmcnally7333

The aim of this study was to evaluate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in first-degree relatives of patients with keratoconus (KCN) and compare with the normal population.

In this prospective comparative study, 210 eyes from 105 family members of 28 patients with KCN and 210 normal eyes of 105 controls were enrolled. In each eye, corneal topography, tomography, and aberrometry were performed and compared between the 2 groups.

This study included 61 female (58.1%) and 44 male participants (41.9%) and 105 age-matched and sex-matched controls with normal topographic cornea. In 14 of 105 first-degree relatives (13.33%) of patients with KCN, KCN was diagnosed with a male preponderance (71.5% male, 28.5% female). Tomographic indices and irregularity indices in 3 and 5 mm zone in Orbscan were significantly higher in the relative group. In addition, other irregularity indices of TMS-4 topography including surface regularity index, surface asymmetry index, difference sector index, SDP, and irregular as. In addition, comprehensive preoperative examination should be considered to detect subtle topographic and HOAs in these individuals.

Korea's national health insurance authority introduced a drug utilization review modernization pilot project in which health professionals provided follow-up services to monitor adverse drug events. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the project on clinical and economic outcomes.

We conducted difference-in-differences analysis using National Health Insurance claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We calculated the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions as a clinical indicator and medical costs incurred to manage these events as an economic indicator. Absolute difference in each outcome measure was defined as the value after the project minus the value before the project. Difference-in-differences was defined as a difference in absolute differences between the intervention group and the control group.

Overall, difference-in-differences were -43 and -826 for the number of drug-related adverse events and allergic reactions and -$198,700 and $53,318 for medical costs in the inpatient and outpatient settings, respectively. For outpatients, the monthly number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions has grown higher for the control group than for the intervention group after implementation of the pilot project.

Implementation of the pilot project lowered the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions in the inpatient and outpatient setting. The project also lowered medical costs incurred to manage these events in the inpatient setting only. Based on our findings, we recommend that the pilot project be expanded on a nationwide level at least in the inpatient setting.

Implementation of the pilot project lowered the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions in the inpatient and outpatient setting. The project also lowered medical costs incurred to manage these events in the inpatient setting only. Based on our findings, we recommend that the pilot project be expanded on a nationwide level at least in the inpatient setting.Reports an error in "Can we study episodic-like memory in preschoolers from an animal foraging model" by Javier Vila, Eneida Strempler-Rubio and Angélica Alvarado (Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition, 2021[Jul], Vol 47[3], 357-363). In the original article, a repeated measure analysis of variance was calculated with incorrect numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, which resulted in incorrect F, MSE, and R² values being reported in the Results section. When calculated correctly, the significant differences found in the new analysis of variance were the same as before. The results and conclusions are unchanged. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2021-92066-011). Episodic-like memory (ELM) involves remembering the what, where, and when (WWW) of an event as a whole, and it can be studied behaviorally. In research regarding this type of memory with children, one experiment proposes a new task adapted from animal foraging studies. A task derived from a foraging model was presented its considers the characteristics required for ELM study in children and employs a single trial presented from an egocentric perspective to avoid memory consolidation. One study compared four-year-old children's choices after being trained with one or three trials using a hide-and-seek task. The consequence size and retention interval between training and test were manipulated. see more Results showed that children chose the optimal outcome after an immediate or delayed test. The children's choices were conditional on the size of the consequences and the time at retrieval according to the Temporal Weighting Rule (Devenport & Devenport, 1994). The results were similar to those of animal studies and were consistent with a foraging memory model. In discussion, the advantages and limitations of the proposed task for the study of ELM in children are described and explained. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Although noted as a proponent of associative learning theory, Bob Rescorla acknowledged that other mechanisms might be responsible for the within-event learning produced when two stimuli co-occur. To investigate this possibility, he conducted experiments in which rats experienced a compound of a novel flavor and a palatable nutrient, and demonstrated that a preference for the flavor established by this training did not show the pattern of extinction that might be expected of a preference based on a flavor-nutrient association. A review is presented of subsequent work on the extinction of such conditioned flavor preferences in rats. The results are found to depend on the motivational state of the rat in training and on test, on the match between the procedures on training and test, and on the details of the test procedure (the nature of the choice offered to the rat). When conditions are arranged appropriately, the extinction effect (a loss of the conditioned response) expected by standard associative theory can be obtained. What remains a problem for this theory is the observation (made originally by Rescorla himself) is that the effects of extinguishing a conditioned flavor preference are remarkably persistent. The failure to obtain recovery from the effects of the extinction procedure remains as a signal that this form of learning may involve processes other than the association formation used to explain many other forms of learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a central role in the vertebrate adaptive immune system and has been of long-term interest in evolutionary biology. While several protocols have been developed for MHC genotyping, there is a lack of transparent and standardized tools for downstream analysis of MHC data. Here, we present the r package mhctools and demonstrate the use of its functions to (i) assist accurate MHC genotyping from high-throughput amplicon-sequencing data, (ii) infer functional MHC supertypes using bootstrapped clustering analysis, (iii) identify segregating MHC haplotypes from family data, and (iv) analyse functional and genetic distances between MHC sequences. We employed mhctools to analyse MHC class I (MHC-I) amplicon data of 559 great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). We identified 390 MHC-I alleles which clustered into 14 functional supertypes. A phylogenetic analysis and analyses of positive selection suggested that the MHC-I alleles belong to several distinct functional groups. We furthermore identified 107 segregating haplotypes among 116 families, and found substantial variation in diversity with 4-21 MHC-I alleles and 3-13 MHC-I supertypes per haplotype. Finally, we show that the great reed warbler haplotypes harboured combinations of MHC-I supertypes with greater functional divergence than observed in simulated populations of possible haplotypes, a result that is in accordance with the divergent allele advantage hypothesis. Our study demonstrates the power of mhctools to support genotyping and analysis of MHC in non-model species, which we hope will encourage broad implementation among researchers in MHC genetics and evolution.Climate change anxiety is a growing problem for individual well-being the world over. However, psychological interventions to address climate change anxiety may have unintended effects on outcomes other than individual well-being, such as group cohesion and pro-environmental behavior. In order to address these complexities, we outline a multiple needs framework of climate change anxiety interventions, which can be used to analyze interventions in terms of their effects on individual, social, and environmental outcomes. We use this framework to contextualize a systematic review of the literature detailing the effects of climate change anxiety interventions. This analysis identifies interventions centered around problem-focused action, emotion management, and enhancing social connections as those which have beneficial effects on the widest range of outcomes. It also identifies interventions that may have detrimental effects on one or more outcomes. We identify gaps where more research is required, including research that assesses the effects of climate change anxiety interventions on individual, social, and environmental outcomes in concert. An interactive website summarizes these insights and presents the results of the systematic review in a way that is, accessible to a range of stakeholders. The multiple needs framework provides a way to conceptualize the effectiveness of climate change anxiety interventions beyond their impact on individual well-being, contributing to a more holistic understanding of the effects of this global phenomenon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Accessible interventions are needed to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This prospective, randomized, controlled trial evaluated remote health coaching (HC), genetic risk testing (GRT), or both added to standardized risk assessment (SRA) in at-risk military primary care patients.

Using a 2 × 2 factorial longitudinal design, 200 Air Force at-risk participants provided primary outcomes at baseline, 3-, 6- (HC endpoint), and 12-months. Secondary measures were taken less often. Per protocol analyses used linear models and logistic regression; intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses used mixed models.

Compared with those not receiving HC, the HC group was 3.6 times more likely to report moderate to intense physical activity at 6-months (

= .0009), and 2.9 times more likely to report such at 12-months (

= .0065). ITT longitudinal model did not reach significance (

= .0885). The HC group reported lower emotional representations of illness at 6-weeks and lower depression at 6 months.APA, all rights reserved).

The use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection is significantly low among Black sexual minority men (BSMM), although this group experiences the greatest HIV burden in the United States. One contextual factor suggested to impact BSMM's HIV prevention efforts is the concern about, and adherence to, cultural conceptions and expectations of masculinity. The present study sought to better understand the association between masculinity and PrEP uptake by examining associations between gender-relevant beliefs and perceptions, and intentions to initiate PrEP among a sample of BSMM residing in the U.S. South.

Participants (

= 114) completed assessments of precarious manhood beliefs, attitudes toward PrEP, concerns about PrEP use impacting support from social networks, projected perceptions of masculinity, and intentions to initiate PrEP.

Precarious manhood beliefs were associated with greater intention to initiate PrEP; however, the indirect path of this association through attitudes toward PrEP was associated with lower intentions to initiate PrEP.