Hougaardnorth1919
Prostate cancer (Pca) is the second most common cause of cancer among Lebanese men. Screening is an effective method to reduce prostate cancer mortality. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and screening practices among Lebanese population regarding Pca.
A cross-sectional national study over all the Lebanese governorates on 1558 persons was undergone. selleck Information on Pca knowledge and attitudes towards screening was obtained using a semi structured questionnaire. Bivariate and binary logistic regression were used to assess relations between Pca knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics.
The sample consisted of 1088 (69.8%) males and 470 (30.2%) females, with a mean age of 40 Y.O. Concerning early detection methods of Pca, its frequency, the ideal screening age, symptoms and curability of Pca, a significant difference (p< 0.05) was found when studying the following variables the educational level (university level group having the highest percentage of correct answers), the individual monthly income (more correct answers were found with higher monthly income) and the age groups (most correct answers in the younger age groups).
Our study points to the need of developing Pca prevention and education programs that should especially target older men, and people of low socioeconomic status and education in Lebanon. Such programs would increase awareness to Pca and screening, ultimately reducing the burden of advanced cancer through its early diagnosis.
Our study points to the need of developing Pca prevention and education programs that should especially target older men, and people of low socioeconomic status and education in Lebanon. Such programs would increase awareness to Pca and screening, ultimately reducing the burden of advanced cancer through its early diagnosis.
With the spread of vaccines, more and more countries have controlled the outbreak of the COVID-19. In this post-epidemic era, these countries began to revive their economy. However, pollution remains in the environment, and people's physical and psychological health has been under threat due to some over-prevention behaviors. Instruments for governmental agencies to manage these behaviors are not yet available. This study aims to develop a measurement model to identify and measure the degree of over-prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.
A survey online was conducted to collect cognition from 1528 Chinese people, including descriptions of various over-prevention behaviors defined by health authorities. Factor analyses were used to develop the measurement model and test its validity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore demographic characteristics, indicating people who are inclined to exhibit over-prevention behaviors.
Four main factors were extracted to develop theduce the contradiction between the epidemic and economic revival via managing these behaviors.
People show a discrepancy in the cognition toward various over-prevention behaviors. The findings may have implications for decision-makers to reduce the contradiction between the epidemic and economic revival via managing these behaviors.
The association between obesity and breast cancer (BC) has been extensively studied among US, European and Asian study populations, with often conflicting evidence. However, despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated conditions in Africa, the continent with the highest age-standardized BC mortality rate globally, few studies have evaluated this association, and none has examined in relation tomolecular subtypes among African women. The current analysis examines the association between body composition, defined by body mass index (BMI), height, and weight, and BC by molecular subtype among African women.
We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between measures of body compositionand BC and molecular subtypes among 419 histologically confirmed cases of BC and 286 healthy controls from the Mechanisms for Established and Novel Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women of Nigerian Descent (MEND) case-control study.
Higher BMI (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0acterize these associations and inform cancer prevention strategies.
Implementation of psychosocial interventions in mental health services has the potential to improve the treatment of psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where care is predominantly focused on pharmacotherapy. The first step is to understand the views of key stakeholders. We conducted a multi-language qualitative study to explore the contextual barriers and facilitators to implementation of a cost-effective, digital psychosocial intervention, called DIALOG+, for treating PSD. DIALOG+ builds on existing clinician-patient relationships without requiring development of new services, making it well-fitting for healthcare systems with scarce resources.
Thirty-two focus groups were conducted with 174 participants (patients, clinicians, policymakers and carers), who were familiarized with DIALOG+ through a presentation. The Southeast European LMICs included in this research were Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, (Kosovo is referred throughout the text by United Nations resd be potentially resolved by increased inclusion of other mental health professionals in service delivery for PSD. These findings will be used to inform the implementation strategy of DIALOG+ across the participating countries. The study also offers insights into multi-country qualitative research.
Public health strategies in the context of respiratory droplet-transmissible diseases (such as influenza or COVID-19) include intensified hand hygiene promotion, but a review on the effectiveness of different ways of promoting hand hygiene in the community, specifically for this type of infections, has not been performed. link2 This rapid systematic review aims to summarize the effectiveness of community-based hand hygiene promotion programs on infection transmission, health outcomes and behavioral outcomes during epidemic periods in the context of respiratory droplet-transmissible diseases. We also included laboratory-confirmed health outcomes for epidemic-prone disease during interepidemic periods.
We searched for controlled experimental studies. A rapid systematic review was performed in three databases and a COVID-19 resource. Following study selection (in which studies performed in the (pre-)hospital/health care setting were excluded), study characteristics and effect measures were synthesized, using meta-terventions in which the program is implemented after (household) index cases are identified.
The data suggest that proactive hand hygiene promotion interventions, i.e. regardless of the identification of infected cases, can improve health outcomes upon implementation of such a program, in contrast to reactive interventions in which the program is implemented after (household) index cases are identified.
To describe the natural course of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) and determine predictive factors for its progression and visual prognosis.
This retrospective observational study included 113 MTM patients (113 eyes). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and optical coherence tomography findings were recorded.
Over a mean follow-up of 38.2 ± 11.1 months, 49 of 113 eyes (43.4 %) progressed. The progression rate of outer schisis prominently located in the fovea or posterior staphyloma was significantly higher than that of outer schisis prominently located in paravascular areas (P = 0.0011). MTM with partial posterior vitreous detachment during the follow-up progressed more rapidly than MTM without (P = 0.0447). Patients with older age (> 65 years), without domed-shaped macula and with defects in the ellipsoid zone (EZ) had worse BCVA at the last visit (P = 0.0416, P = 0.0494and P = 0.0130). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BCVA and defects in the EZ at baseline were significantly associated with the final BCVA (P < 0.0001 and P = < 0.0001, respectively).
MTM has a high possibility for progression. link3 Outer schisis located predominantly in the fovea or posterior staphyloma or with partial posterior vitreous detachment exhibits rapid progression. The integrity of the EZ is related to visual prognosis.
MTM has a high possibility for progression. Outer schisis located predominantly in the fovea or posterior staphyloma or with partial posterior vitreous detachment exhibits rapid progression. The integrity of the EZ is related to visual prognosis.
Patient medical out-of-pocket expenses are thought to be rising worldwide yet data describing trends over time is scant. We evaluated trends of out-of-pocket expenses for patients in Australia with one of five major cancers in the first-year after diagnosis.
Participants from the QSKIN Sun and Health prospective cohort Study with a histologically confirmed breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma, or prostate cancer diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 were included (n = 1965). Medicare claims data on out-of-pocket expenses were analysed using a two-part model adjusted for year of diagnosis, health insurance status, age and education level. Fisher price and quantity indexes were also calculated to assess prices and volumes separately.
On average, patients with cancer diagnosed in 2015 spent 70% more out-of-pocket on direct medical expenses than those diagnosed in 2011. Out-of-pocket expenses increased significantly for patients with breast cancer (mean AU$2513 in 2011 to AU$6802 in 2015). Out-of-pocket expenses wereased substantially over time. Such increases were more pronounced for women with breast cancer and those without private health insurance. Increased out-of-pocket expenses arose from both higher prices and higher volumes of health services but differ by cancer type. Further efforts to monitor patient out-of-pocket costs and prevent health inequities are required.
Multidisciplinary pain management programs based on cognitive behavioral training (CBT) principles have been shown moderately effective in improving daily functioning in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). To optimize health-related outcomes as daily functioning, a clear understanding of the working mechanisms of these programs is warranted. Being confident to achieve a desired outcome, i.e. self-efficacy, is suggested to be a more potent determinant for beneficial treatment outcomes than restructuring the patient's dysfunctional behavioral cognitions (pain catastrophizing and fear of movement [FoM]), but the evidence is scarce. The objective of this study was twofold 1) to determine whether a two-week pain management program resulted in post-treatment improvements in self-efficacy and decreased dysfunctional behavioral cognitions in patients with CLBP, and 2) to examine the unique contribution of self-efficacy to improvement in post-treatment disability.
A secondary analysis of an historical cohoed the model explaining post-treatment functional disability (basic model R
= 0.49, F
= 83.67, p < 0.001; final model R
= 0.57, F
= 85.20, p < 0.001). This was further substantiated by the relative contribution (standardized betas) of self-efficacy 5.67 times more than catastrophizing and 9.75 times more than FoM.
Targeting self-efficacy contributes to fast improvement in functional status for selected and motivated patients with persistent CLBP. In pain management programs and (online) self-management programs for CLBP, targeting patients' self-efficacy should have a prominent place.
Targeting self-efficacy contributes to fast improvement in functional status for selected and motivated patients with persistent CLBP. In pain management programs and (online) self-management programs for CLBP, targeting patients' self-efficacy should have a prominent place.
