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n through images videos on WhatsApp to patients and primary health care givers.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the widely rampant infectious diseases worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) such as Medical students and nurses are continuously exposed to this air-borne infection in hospitals and are vulnerable to the infection. Overcrowding at workplace, inadequate ventilation, lack of personal protective measures, improper eating habits, etc., further make the HCWs more susceptible to TB.

Study of sociodemographic profile of resident doctors and nurses; study of factors for occurrence of TB among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital.

Case-control study conducted. Questionnaire used to collect data. Comparison was made between the TB cases and controls among HCWs to identify the epidemiological determinants of TB and derive preventive measures for the same.

By Chi-Square test, regularity of breakfast

< 0.001; BMI

- 0.001; total duration of exposure to TB patients

- 0.013; screening for TB

- 0.014; adequacy of sleep

- 0.029; adequacy of protein intake

- 0.035 were found to have a significant association with the occurrence of TB.

Having regular meals at appropriate times, nutritional status, duration of exposure to TB patients, history of screening being done or not were found to have a significant association with the occurrence of TB.

Having regular meals at appropriate times, nutritional status, duration of exposure to TB patients, history of screening being done or not were found to have a significant association with the occurrence of TB.

Amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for healthcare workers to remain protected against infection. The present study was undertaken to evaluate challenges faced by the healthcare workers while using level 3 PPE.

This hospital-based study was conducted among resident doctors selected by convenience sampling method using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire after getting informed consent from the participants to collect data on the somatic, psychological, and technical problems faced while working in PPE. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done between outcome variables and other independent variables to check for the association.

Of the total, 252 resident doctors completed the survey, their age ranged from 22 to 36 years with 140 (55.6%) males and 112 (44.4%) females. One-twenty-nine (51.2%) residents were trained to work in ICU, 73 (29%) participants used PPE ≤10 times and the rest ficulty.

In India, inquest is carried out by police or magistrate depending upon the type of death and medico-legal autopsy is carried out by doctor. In some cases, inquest is sufficient to make out necessary information related to death and medico-legal autopsy can be avoided in such death, but medico-legal autopsy has its own value.

A retrospective record-based study was carried out at RVRS Medical College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, regarding the correlation of inquest and medico-legal autopsy findings in community deaths which were brought dead to hospital in the year 2020.

A total of 467 cases of community deaths were brought dead for medico-legal autopsy in the year 2020. As per inquest, 7.28% died due to hanging, 3.85% died due to burns, 3.43% died due to electrocution, 16.27% died due to poisoning, and the same was established via medico-legal autopsy without any difference from inquest report. After inquest, in 3% of cases, the cause of death remained undetermined, while after the medico-legal autopsy, it was only 0.86%. The manner of death was undetermined in 3% of cases after inquest, while after the medico-legal autopsy, only in 0.86% of cases.

We recommend proper training of the investigating officers who conduct inquest to overcome the discrepancies observed between the investigating officer and the doctor in ascertaining the cause of death and manner of death in all unnatural deaths in India. If well-trained person will conduct in depth inquest, then medico-legal autopsies can be avoided in certain types of death.

We recommend proper training of the investigating officers who conduct inquest to overcome the discrepancies observed between the investigating officer and the doctor in ascertaining the cause of death and manner of death in all unnatural deaths in India. If well-trained person will conduct in depth inquest, then medico-legal autopsies can be avoided in certain types of death.

Ageing is defined as a process of deterioration in the functional capacity of an individual that results from structural changes, with the advancement of age. Globally the geriatric population has increased from 8% in 2012 to 8.5% in 2015 and expected to rise by 22% in 2050. Hence we planned to study morbidity profiles and predictors of health-seeking behaviour among the elderly population in Ormanjhi, Ranchi.

A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Ormanjhi, Ranchi, Jharkhand for a period of six months (March-August 2018). The study was done among 206 geriatric populations fulfilling the eligibility criteria, selected by cluster sampling and those not giving their consent were excluded from the study. Data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.

A total of 206 geriatric populations fulfilling the study criteria, were enrolled during the study. The majority of the age group was found between 60-69 yerly subjects in Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Most participants in this study suffered from morbidities which also affect their quality of life. It was also observed that most of them were not dependent on others for their daily activities. Health seeking behaviour was found to be appropriate in nearly two third (70%) of elderly subjects in Ranchi, Jharkhand.The global pandemic of COVID-19 has created havoc worldwide. By the first week of December 2021, 0.26 billion COVID-19 infected cases and 5.2 million deaths have been reported globally.[1] United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) reports that more than 10,000 children and adolescents have died from COVID-19, with a case fatality rate of 0.3%. Out of 299 vaccine candidates, 28 are available to the general population in less than 1 year.[2] For children, WHO permitted vaccine Pfizer/BioNTech, Sinovac, and Sinopharm, Drug Controller General of India's approved ZyCov-D and Covaxin, and the Cuban government approved Soberna 2, and Soberna plus are available.[3] Italy, Germany, France, Norway, Switzerland, Israel, Dubai, Japan, Canada, and the US have already started vaccinating their children. This step may decrease the transmissibility and mutations of the virus and thus restore normalcy. For India, it is a question of "To be or not to be?" Indian researchers have warned of the long-term impact of the pandemic on the health, development, learning, and behavior of children, thus pushing the agenda of vaccination and opening of schools. All attempts at opening schools have failed in the last 2 years. Vaccinating children is not easy as it has taken nearly 1 year to vaccinate half of the adult Indian population. In these circumstances, rather than "vaccine for all," "vaccine for (chronically) ill" is the only feasible solution for children.

In lumbar disc herniation, although surgery can provide relief from pain in the low back and lower extremities, many drugs can provide more relief; thus, the aim was the evaluation of epidural dexamethasone and bupivacaine efficacy in lumbar disc herniation surgery.

A total of 42 cases were evaluated in a triple-blind randomized clinical trial study. Patients were divided into intervention and control groups based on permuted block randomization. The patient's condition was assessed based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. In addition, the patient's disability was assessed by Oswestry disability index (ODI) at 1 and 6 months after surgery.

Of the 42 evaluated cases, age (44.0 ± 12.4,

= 0.4) and hospitalization duration (1.9 ± 0.3 days,

= 0.02) had statistically significant difference between two groups. The severity of low back pain before surgery was 2.9 ± 1.9 (

= 0.74), and 3 hours after surgery was 4.9 ± 1.9 in the control group and 2.8 ± 1.3 in the intervention group (

= 0.03), and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. In addition, based on the repeated measure test, there was no significant difference between the two groups. ODI value was before surgery 31.7 ± 8.3 (

= 0.77), 5.2 ± 2.4 (

= 0.9) at 1 month after surgery, and 4.5 ± 1.8 (

= 0.6) at 6 months after surgery, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Dexamethasone and bupivacaine can be effective in post-operation pain control, although this difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Dexamethasone and bupivacaine can be effective in post-operation pain control, although this difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Conducting research requires the integration of certain levels of practice and knowledge, together with the right attitude. This study aimed to investigate the attitude, knowledge, and barriers regarding research analysis and writing among medical residents in Saudi Arabia.

This was an online-based cross-sectional study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Our targeted population was Saudi medical residents who were enrolled in the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. Data were analyzed and compared to determine associations between the patients' demographics and attitude, knowledge, and barriers.

A total of 218 participants were ultimately included in the present study, with a mean age of 29 (± 2.6) years, and most participants (63.3%) had a previous research publication. Specialty and level of residency were the only significant factors that were associated with attitude (

= 0.023 and 0.046, respectively). Specialty and having previously published a research paper were the only factors that were associated with the knowledge scores (

= 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively). On the contrary, specialty was the only significant factor that was associated with barriers scores (

= 0.001). Regarding attitude scores, most residents (60.1%) had 26%-50%, while only 0.9% had >75% of the total score. Regarding knowledge scores, 38.1% of residents had ≤25% and only 7.8% had >75% of the total scores. Regarding barriers, most residents (73.4%) had 26%-50%, while none had >75% of the total scores.

Reduced awareness regarding research methodology in our population implies that further education measures should be undertaken.

Reduced awareness regarding research methodology in our population implies that further education measures should be undertaken.

To find the prevalence of COVID vaccine hesitancy amongst people of Odisha and reasons for the same.

Observational Study.

Outpatients, inpatients, and attenders in tertiary health centers in Khorda, Tangi, and Mendhasal, Odisha, India; online data via google forms from people across the state.

April to June 2021.

Convenience sampling of 450 adults aged between 18 and 60.

Willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

Hesitancy rate stands at 12.7%, with 5.7% in the urban setting and 20.9% in rural (CI 95%,

= 0.000), 3.1% amongst males and 25.4% females (CI 95%

= 0.000), and 42.6% amongst the homemakers. read more Main reasons for vaccine hesitancy include lack of knowledge about efficacy,fear of side effects, and testing positive despite taking the vaccine.

The near tripling of the hesitancy rates indicates a probable hindrance in stopping the spread of the infection. Family physicians have a significant role in alleviating the myths, counseling people, and managing adverse events.

The near tripling of the hesitancy rates indicates a probable hindrance in stopping the spread of the infection.