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There is limited research examining the inclusion of autistic people in their local communities. This paper reports on two Australian studies which explored this gap, focusing on both autistic people's experiences and non-autistic people's attitudes towards autistic individuals. Study One was conducted with primarily non-autistic people (n = 2,383), and Study Two with primarily parents and carers of autistic people (n = 1,297 people). The majority of non-autistic adults perceived discrimination against autistic people in the community; consistent with the experiences of autistic people and their carers. Of particular concern was more negative attitudes towards, and experiences of, autistic adults. selleck inhibitor There is an urgent need to improve society's acceptance and inclusion of autistic people of all ages.The taste of drug substances plays a key role in the development of paediatric formulations with suitable organoleptic properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the taste masking effectiveness of Smartseal 30D and ReadyMix on a range of bitter drug substances such as diphenhydramine HCl (DPD), ibuprofen lysine (IBU-LS), and phenylephrine HCl (PPH) for the development of paediatric dosage forms. The drugs were microencapsulated in the polymer carriers at 10-20% loadings using spray-drying processing. Spray drying of drug formulations was optimized in terms of percent yield and encapsulation efficiency followed by physicochemical characterization in order to identify the drugs' physical state in the polymer microparticles. The in vivo taste masking efficiency was evaluated using human test panel and showed noticeable reduction of drug's bitterness at all loadings in comparison to the bulk substances.Coumarin is widely used in personal care products and pharmaceutical industry, which leads to the release of this compound into environment as an emerging contaminant. Here, a promising strain USTB-Z for biodegrading coumarin was successfully isolated from botanical soil and characterized as a potential novel Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis and orthologous average nucleotide identity tool. Initial coumarin up to 800 mg/L could be completely removed by USTB-Z within 48 h at the optimal culture conditions of pH 7.3 and 30 °C, which indicates that USTB-Z has a strong capacity in coumarin biodegradation. The biodegradation products of coumarin were further investigated using HPLC and Q-TOF LC/MS, and melilotic acid and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid were identified. The draft genome of strain USTB-Z was sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq, and 21 CDSs for NAD (P)-dependent oxidoreductase, 43 CDSs for hydrolase, 1 CDS for FAD-depend monooxygenase, 1 CDS for 3-hydroxycinnamic acid hydroxylase, 21 CDSs for dioxygenase, and 5 CDSs for fumarylacetoacetate (FAA) hydrolase were annotated and correlated to coumarin biodegradation. The present study provides a theoretical basis and microbial resource for further research on the coumarin biodegradation.Sleep difficulties may be one explanatory factor in the association between depression and insulin resistance; yet, explicit tests of this hypothesis are lacking. We determined if there was an indirect effect of depression symptoms on insulin resistance through sleep duration in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain. We also investigated whether dispositional mindfulness moderated the interconnections among depression, sleep, and insulin resistance. Ninety adolescents (14.2 ± 1.6y; 50% female) at risk for excess weight gain (body mass index [BMI, kg/m2] z score 1.6 ± 0.6) participated in the cross-sectional, baseline phase of a health behaviors study. Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, sleep duration with the Sleep Habits Survey, and mindfulness with the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was determined from fasting insulin and glucose. The product-of-coefficients method was used to test the indirect effect of depression on insulin resistance through sleep duration, accounting for age, sex, BMIz, puberty, and socioeconomic status (SES). Dispositional mindfulness was tested as a moderator of the associations among depression, sleep, and insulin resistance. There was a significant indirect effect of depression on insulin resistance through sleep duration, controlling for age, sex, BMIz, puberty, and SES, 95%CI [0.001, 0.05]. Dispositional mindfulness moderated the association between sleep duration and insulin resistance, such that lower sleep duration related to greater insulin resistance only among adolescents with lower mindfulness (p  less then  .001). Short sleep may be one explanatory factor in the depression-insulin resistance connection in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain. Adolescents with poorer mindfulness and short sleep are at highest risk for insulin resistance, whereas higher mindfulness may be protective.A discriminatory dissolution model was built through DOE with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling to assess dissolution operational space for a highly water soluble immediate-release solid dosage drug product. The dissolution was utilized in the following five aspects (1) understand the impact of individual variables and their interactions on dissolution performance through effect analysis; (2) explain the lack of discriminatory power of the initial dissolution condition used in early phase development by prediction profiler; (3) predict discriminatory dissolution operational space to differentiate photo degraded drug products from control with contour profiler analysis; (4) validate by the external experimental data acquired with the initial nondiscriminatory dissolution condition and the predicted discriminatory dissolution condition, followed by model independent statistical analysis (e.g., f2); and (5) establish correlation of the discriminatory dissolution with disintegration. The selected discriminatory dissolution method was validated by demonstrating accuracy, precision and linearity, specificity, repeatability, intermediate precision, stability, filter verification, and robustness.