Sutherlandaaen0147

Model tumor classification accuracy was 92% with an F

score of 0.80. The model was most accurate at predicting diffuse midline glioma of the pons, followed by pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Ependymoma prediction was the least accurate. Tumor type classification accuracy and F

score were higher than those of 2 of the 4 radiologists.

We present a multi-institutional deep learning model for pediatric posterior fossa tumor detection and classification with the potential to augment and improve the accuracy of radiologic diagnosis.

We present a multi-institutional deep learning model for pediatric posterior fossa tumor detection and classification with the potential to augment and improve the accuracy of radiologic diagnosis.Coronavirus disease 2019 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. There is a scarcity of data on coronavirus disease 2019-related brain imaging features. We present 5 cases that illustrate varying imaging presentations of acute encephalopathy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. MR features include leukoencephalopathy, diffusion restriction that involves the GM and WM, microhemorrhages, and leptomeningitis. We believe it is important for radiologists to be familiar with the neuroradiologic imaging spectrum of acute encephalopathy in the coronavirus disease 2019 population.

Impairment of macrophage polarization from a proinflammatory macrophage type 1 (M1) population to an anti-inflammatory macrophage type 2 (M2) population is a hallmark of poor wound healing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages and to analyze their association with healing in aneurysms embolized by endovascular coiling.

Elastase-induced aneurysms were created in female rabbits and subsequently embolized with platinum coils. Aneurysm occlusions were evaluated with angiographic imaging at 1 (

= 6), 3 (

= 5), or 6 (

= 6) months. Aneurysm tissues were harvested for histologic analysis, quantification of M1 and M2 macrophages by immunofluorescence, and collagen deposition determined by Masson trichrome staining. Histologic grading of aneurysm healing was also performed. Untreated aneurysms were used as controls (

= 6).

The M1 macrophage population was highest at 1 month posttreatment, progressively decreasing at 3 and 6 months. The M2 macrophage population progcores at later stages of healing after endovascular coiling. We conclude that interventions aimed at stimulating M2 macrophage expression locally may improve aneurysm healing after coil embolization.

DTI has been proved valuable for the diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy, whereas its capacity for predicting the outcome of surgery is still under debate. Here we conduct a prospective cohort study to analyze the capacity of DTI for evaluating and predicting laminoplasty surgery outcome for degenerative cervical myelopathy.

We recruited 55 patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy who underwent DTI before surgery and at 3- and 6-month follow-up stages, and 20 healthy subjects. For clinical assessment, the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale was recorded for each patient at different stages. DTI metrics were compared between patients before surgery and healthy subjects. Spearman correlation and receiver operating characteristic were used to analyze the evaluation and prediction capacity of DTI for the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale, respectively. We analyzed different vertebral levels maximal compression level, average of all compression levels, and C2 level.

DTnisotropy at the C2 level, have the potential for evaluating and predicting the degenerative cervical myelopathy surgery outcome.

Anisotropy is a good indicator of white matter fascicle macrostructure and organization but the interpretation of its changes with age remains difficult. The increase of WM fascicle fractional anisotropy with time and its relationship with WM fascicle volume have never been examined during childhood. We studied the maturation of associative WM fascicles during childhood using MR imaging-based DTI. We explored whether the fractional anisotropy increase of the main WM fascicles persists beyond the period of brain growth and is related to WM fascicle volume increase.

In a series of 25 healthy children, the fractional anisotropy and volume of 15 associative WM fascicles were calculated. Several regression linear mixed models were used to study maturation parameters (fractional anisotropy, volume, and total telencephalon volume) considered as dependent variables, while age and sex were independent variables (the variable identifying the different WM fascicles was considered as a repeated measure).

In children older than 8 years of age, WM fascicle fractional anisotropy increased with age (

value = .045) but not its volume (

value = .7) or the telencephalon volume (

value = .16). The time course of WM fascicle fractional anisotropy and volume suggested that each WM fascicle might follow a specific pattern of maturation.

The fractional anisotropy increase of several WM fascicles after 8 years of age may not result from an increase in WM fascicle volume. It might be the consequence of other developmental processes such as myelination.

The fractional anisotropy increase of several WM fascicles after 8 years of age may not result from an increase in WM fascicle volume. It might be the consequence of other developmental processes such as myelination.

To examine the long term mortality associated with preterm delivery in a large population based cohort of women, and to assess for potential confounding by shared familial factors.

National cohort study.

Sweden.

All 2 189 477 women with a singleton delivery in 1973-2015.

All cause and cause specific mortality up to 2016, identified from nationwide death records. MF-438 in vivo Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios while adjusting for confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the potential influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic and environmental) factors.

In 50.7 million person years of follow-up, 76 535 (3.5%) women died (median age at death was 57.6). In the 10 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality associated with preterm delivery (<37 weeks) was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.61 to 1.87), and when further stratified was 2.20 (1.63 to 2.96) for extremely preterm delivery (22-27 weeks), 2.28 (2.01 to 2.58) for very preterm delivery (28-33 weeks), 1.