Sinclairkessler8681

umbia Clinical Research Ethics Board (H20-00736) and the Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute.

Our objective was to assess the level of COVID-19 preparedness of emergency departments (EDs) in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) through the views of emergency medicine specialists working in district health boards around the country. Given the limited experience NZ hospitals have had with SARS-CoV-2, a comparison of current local practice with recent literature from other countries identifying known weaknesses may help prevent future healthcare worker infections in NZ.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of NZ emergency specialists in November 2020 to evaluate preparedness of engineering, administrative policy and personal protective equipment (PPE) use.

A total of 137 surveys were completed (32% response rate). More than 12% of emergency specialists surveyed reported no access to negative pressure rooms. N95 fit testing had not been performed in 15 (12%) of respondents. Most specialists (77%) work in EDs that cohort patients with COVID-19, about one-third (34%) do not use spotters during PPE doffing, and mission.

To examine the organisational settings, content and availability of comprehensive multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary healthcare in Norway.

This was a cross-sectional survey study examining the content, organisational settings and availability of comprehensive multidisciplinary PR for people with COPD.

When the survey was conducted, Norway had 436 municipalities/primary healthcare services who were invited to participate.

The main outcome was the question related to accessibility to a PR programme in primary healthcare. We also examined in what degree the single interventions which are a part of a PR programme were one of the municipalities services and if there were regional differences regarding PR.

Of the 436 municipalities, 158 answered the survey (36% response rate), and the survey covered for 45% of the total population in Norway. Five per cent of the responders reported having multidisciplinary PR fpatients with COPD. National strategies are therefore needed to increase the availability of PR for patients with COPD in Norwegian municipalities.

Despite an increasing emphasis on gender and empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) programmes, no rigorously validated survey instruments exist for measuring empowerment within the WaSH sector. Our objective is to develop and validate quantitative survey instruments to measure women's empowerment in relation to sanitation in urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries.

We are developing the Agency, Resources and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment scales through a process that involves three phases item development; scale development and initial validation and scale evaluation and further validation. The first phase includes domain specification, item generation, face validity and content validity assessment and item refinement. The second phase involves a second round of face validity and content validity assessment, followed by survey implementation in two cities (Tiruchirappalli, India and Kampala, Uganda) and data analysis involving factor analysis and ih Institutional Review Boards (India); Makerere University School of Health Sciences Research and Ethics Committee (Uganda); and ERES Converge Institutional Review Board (Zambia). The study team will share findings with key stakeholders to inform programming activities and will publish results in peer-reviewed journals.

People with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation in rural areas have worse outcomes, including an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality and encounter many barriers to accessing kidney replacement therapy. We aim to describe clinicians' perspectives of equity of access to dialysis and kidney transplantation in rural areas.

Qualitative study with semistructured interviews.

Twenty eight nephrologists, nurses and social workers from 19 centres across seven states in Australia.

We identified five themes

(with subthemes of overwhelming burden of travel, minimising relocation distress, limited transportation options and concerns for patient safety on the roads);

(reliance on local champions, variability of health literacy, providing flexible models of care and frustrated by gatekeepers);

(without continuity of care, scarcity of specialist services and fluctuating capacity for dialysis);

(crippling out of pocket expenditure and widespread socioeconomic disadvantage) and

(lacking availability of safe and sustainable resources for dialysis, sensitivity to local needs and dependence on social support).

Clinicians identified geographical barriers, dislocation from homes and financial hardship to be major challenges for patients in accessing kidney replacement therapy. Strategies such as telehealth, outreach services, increased service provision and patient navigators were suggested to improve access.

Clinicians identified geographical barriers, dislocation from homes and financial hardship to be major challenges for patients in accessing kidney replacement therapy. Strategies such as telehealth, outreach services, increased service provision and patient navigators were suggested to improve access.

To explore medical students' reflective essays about encounters with residents during preclinical nursing home placements.

Dialogical narrative analysis aiming at how students characterise residents and construct identities in relation to them.

Medical students' professional identity construction through storytelling has been demonstrated in contexts including hospitals and nursing homes. Some preclinical students participate in nursing home placements, caring for residents, many living with dementia. Students' interactions with these residents can expose them to uncontained body fluids or disturbing behaviour, evoking feelings of disgust or fear.

Reflective essays about experiences as caregivers in nursing homes submitted to a writing competition by preclinical medical students in New Zealand.

Describing early encounters, students characterised residents as passive or alien, and themselves as vulnerable and dependent. After providing care for residents, they identified them as individuals and themsin response to corporeal or psychic boundary violations can lead to abjection and loss of empathy. Awareness of this possibility may increase students' capacity to treat people with dignity and compassion, even when they evoke fear or disgust. Medical education theory and practice should acknowledge and address the potential impact of strong negative emotions experienced by medical students during clinical encounters.

To measure the readiness of health facilities in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to provide obstetric care and other maternal health services.

Cross-sectional study involving random sample of health centres, district/rural hospitals (levels 3 and 4 facilities) and all upper-level hospitals operational at the time of survey. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from health facilities.

Health facilities in PNG. Facility administrators and other facility personnel were interviewed. Number of facility personnel interviewed was usually one for health centres and two or more for hospitals.

19 upper-level facilities (levels 5-7, provincial, regional and national hospitals) and 60 lower-level facilities (levels 3 and 4, health centres and district/rural hospitals).

Four service-types were used to understand readiness of surveyed health facilities in the provision of maternity care including obstetric care services (1) facility readiness to provide clinical services; (2) availability of family planningfirst level inpatient service providers is a major concern. To improve access to EmOC, level 3 and 4 facilities should be upgraded to at least BEmOC providers. Significant reduction in MMR will require improved access to CEmOC and optimal geographic location approach can identify facilities to be upgraded.

We used machine learning algorithms to track how the ranks of importance and the survival outcome of four socioeconomic determinants (place of residence, mother's level of education, wealth index and sex of the child) of under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in sub-Saharan Africa have evolved.

This work consists of multiple cross-sectional studies. We analysed data from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) collected from four countries; Uganda, Zimbabwe, Chad and Ghana, each randomly selected from the four subregions of sub-Saharan Africa.

Each country has multiple DHS datasets and a total of 11 datasets were selected for analysis. selleck inhibitor A total of n=85 688 children were drawn from the eleven datasets.

The primary outcome variable is U5MR; the secondary outcomes were to obtain the ranks of importance of the four socioeconomic factors over time and to compare the two machine learning models, the random survival forest (RSF) and the deep survival neural network (DeepSurv) in predicting U5MR.

Mother's education levet also shows that deep survival neural network models are efficient in predicting U5MR and should, therefore, be used in the big data era to draft evidence-based policies to achieve the third sustainable development goal.

To investigate the feasibility of eye-tracking-based testing of the speed of visual orienting in malnourished young children at rural clinics in Sierra Leone.

Prospective dual cohort study nested in a cluster-randomised trial.

8 sites participating in a cluster-randomised trial of supplementary feeding for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM).

For the MAM cohort, all infants aged 7-11 months at the eight sites were enrolled, 138 altogether. For controls, a convenience sample of all non-malnourished infants aged 7-11 months at the same sites were eligible, 60 altogether. A sample of 30 adults at the sites also underwent eye-tracking tests as a further control.

Infants with MAM were provided with supplementary feeding.

The primary outcomes were feasibility and reliability of eye-tracking-based testing of saccadic reaction time (SRT). Feasibility was assessed by the percent of successful tests in the infants. Reliability was measured with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Secondary outcomes weity in the detection of group level effects of supplementary feeding.

In the last half of the 20th century, many countries have already abolished antisuicide laws; however, more than 20 countries still adopt them. This paper is the first to systematically explore the association between criminalisation of suicide and national suicide rates in 171 countries/regions to examine the deterring effects of the antisuicide laws.

A cross-sectional ecological study.

171 countries in the world.

In 2012, 25 countries were identified to carry antisuicide laws. A linear regression analysis was adopted to explore the association between national suicide rates (log transformed) and criminalisation of suicide in the world in 2012, having controlled for the Human Development Index (HDI), majority religious affiliations and the national unemployment rate.

Sex-specific age standardised suicide mortality rates.

Criminalisation of suicide was associated with slightly increased national suicide rates (β estimate=0.29, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.61). Stronger association was found in women (β estimate=0.