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The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for DDI prediction and significant improvement compared to other state-of-the-art benchmark methods. Moreover, we apply a specialized random forest classifier in the positive-unlabeled (PU) learning setting to enhance the prediction accuracy. Experimental results reveal that the model improved by PU learning outperforms the original method DDI-MDAE by 7.1% and 6.2% improvement in AUPR metric respectively on 3-fold cross-validation (3-CV) and 5-fold cross-validation (5-CV). And in F-measure metric, the improved model gains 10.4% and 8.4% improvement over DDI-MDAE respectively on 3-CV and 5-CV. The usefulness of DDI-MDAE is further demonstrated by case studies.Objective Evaluate the psychometric properties of the SCI-SET and PRISM using Rasch analysis to optimize their validity and efficiency. Design Rasch analysis of the SCI-SET and PRISM represents a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a collaborative research project of the SCI Model Systems Centers. The overall survey was organized into four sections 1) participant demographics and injury characteristics, 2) participant experiences of spasticity, 3) SCI-SET, and 4) PRISM. Participants were recruited from the community via multiple avenues. Data were collected and managed via an online survey tool using a secure web-based data management application. Setting Participating SCI Model Systems Centers. Participants Most participants (N = 1,239) have lived with their injury for more than two years and used a wheelchair as their primary mode of mobility. Majority of the sample (58%) sustained cervical injuries. Interventions None. Main outcome measures SCI-SET and PRISM. Results The SCI-SET demonstrated stychometric properties and correlations among the modified measures were high, providing evidence of convergent validity. We recommend use of the modified SCI-SET and PRISM measures in future studies.Objective To identify the occurrence of recurrent falls and the determinants in the acute phase post stroke that are associated with recurrent falls within the first year after stroke onset. Design Prospective follow-up study. Setting Stroke unit and community. Participants 504 patients with acute stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures The dependent variable was recurrent falls, defined as two or more falls, within the first year after stroke onset. The independent baseline variables were related to function, activity, participation, personal and environmental factors and comorbidity and were assessed within four days after admission to a stroke unit. Fall data were registered at the stroke unit and self-reported fall data were collected during follow-up using a standardized questionnaire. Determinants of recurrent falls were identified using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results Within 12 months after stroke onset, 95 of 348 participants (27%) had experiencent ages.Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of MT10107 (Coretox®) with those of onabotulinum toxin A (Botox®) in patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity DESIGN A prospective, randomized, double-blind, active drug-controlled, multi-center, phase III clinical trial SETTING Seven university hospitals in the Republic of Korea PARTICIPANTS A total of 220 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity INTERVENTIONS All participants received a single injection of either MT10107 (Coretox group) or onabotulinum toxin A (Botox group). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was change in wrist flexor spasticity from baseline to week 4 and was assessed using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). The secondary outcomes were MAS scores for wrist, elbow, and finger flexors; percentage of treatment responders (response rate); Disability Assessment Scale (DAS) score, and global assessment of treatment. Safety was evaluated based on adverse events, vital signs, physical examination findings, and laboratory test results. The efficacy and safety were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-intervention. Results The primary outcome was found to be -1.32 ± 0.69 and -1.40 ± 0.69 for the Coretox and Botox groups, respectively. MT10107 showed a non-inferior efficacy compared with onabotulinum toxin A, as the 95% confidence interval for between-group differences was -0.10 to 0.27 and the upper limit was less than the non-inferiority margin of 0.45. Regarding the secondary outcomes, MAS scores for all muscles and DAS scores showed a significant improvement at all time points in both groups, with no significant between-group difference. No significant between-group differences were observed regarding response rate, global assessment of treatment, and safety measures. Conclusions MT10107 showed no significant difference in efficacy and safety compared with onabotulinum toxin A in post-stroke upper limb spasticity treatment.Objective To assess the phenotypic characteristics of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) after stratification for Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) summary scores and to determine phenotypic characteristics of the SPPB summary score at the start of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Design Retrospective, cross-sectional. Setting Baseline assessment for PR program. Participants 900 patients with COPD (age 65±8 years, 52% male, FEV1 43 (31-62)% predicted). Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measure Patients were stratified according to their SPPB summary scores into low-performance (LP), moderate-performance (MP) or high-performance (HP). Furthermore, lung function, arterial blood gases, body composition, physical capacity, lower-limb muscle strength and endurance and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed. Results Generally, physical capacity and muscle function were lower and scores for symptoms of anxiety and depression were higher in LP patients compared to MP and HP patients (all values, p less then 0.01). However, 25% of HP patients with COPD scored high on symptoms of anxiety and/or depression (≥10 points) and HP patients still had on average an impaired physical capacity (median 6 minute walk test distance (6MWD) distance of 68% predicted). Furthermore, age and 6MWD (meters) were the only independent predictors in a multivariate regression model, explaining 29% of the variance in SPPB summary score. Conclusions In COPD, LP patients have the worst physical and emotional functioning. Tofacitinib in vitro However, HP patients can still exhibit physical and emotional impairments. As the explained variance in SPPB summary score is low, SPPB should not be considered as a test to discriminate between patients with COPD with a low or preserved physical capacity and emotional status.