Dickeyrouse3116

Thyroid dysfunction is a known side effect of iodinated contrast media. There is some evidence to suggest that iodinated contrast media administered to pregnant women may cause thyroid dysfunction not only in themselves but also in their offspring. Here, we systematically evaluated literature on the use of iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy on the offspring's thyroid function.

Systematic review of published literature.

Relevant studies were identified by PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library up to June 5, 2020. All study designs, reporting on the foetal or neonatal thyroid function after exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy, were included. We undertook random effects meta-analysis and pooled the estimates as proportions with 95% CIs.

We identified 402 articles, of which 26 were included. Six studies reported (n = 369) on exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to pregnancy by hysterosalpingography and 20 studies (n = 670) on exposure to these media during pregnancy by amniofetography, urography or CT. There was low to high risk of bias. The proportion of (transient) neonatal thyroid dysfunction was 0.0% (95% CI 0.0-2.9% based on 3 studies) for hysterosalpingography, 2.25% (95% CI 0.03-6.55% based on 2 studies) for amniofetography and 0.0% (95% CI 0.0-0.02% based on 5 studies) for CT. There was a tendency towards an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction with higher amounts of contrast used.

Exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy may increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction in offspring. 4EGI1 We recommend keeping the amount of contrast used as low as possible.

Exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy may increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction in offspring. We recommend keeping the amount of contrast used as low as possible.

In insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) producing non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), high molecular weight forms of IGF-II (big IGF-II) are produced as a cause of spontaneous hypoglycemia. MicroRNA (miRNA)-483 family, encoded in an intron lesion of IGF2 gene, is suggested to be co-expressed with IGF-II. Here, we tested whether serum miR-483-5p and -3p levels are associated with the presence of big IGF-II in NICTH.

Serum samples from patients who were suspected to have IGF-II producing NICTH (n = 42) were tested. MiR-483-5p and -3p levels were evaluated using quantitative PCR. IGF-II level was analyzed using ELISA. The presence of big IGF-II was identified by Western blotting.

Big IGF-II was detected in the sera of 32 patients. MiR-483-5p (P = 0.0015) and -3p (P = 0.027) levels were significantly higher in sera with big IGF-II (n = 32) than in those without (n = 10), whereas serum IGF-II level (P = 0.055) was not significantly different between the groups. The median serum concentration of miR-483-5p was ~10 times higher than that of miR-483-3p. Although a strong correlation was observed between the two miRNAs (r = 0.844, P < 0.0001), but neither of which was correlated with serum IGF-II level. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of miR-483-5p (0.853) and -3p (0.722) were higher than that of IGF-II (0.694) for detecting the presence of big IGF-II.

The associations of serum miR-483-5p and -3p levels with the presence of big IGF-II suggest the diagnostic potential of these miRNAs for IGF-II producing NICTH.

The associations of serum miR-483-5p and -3p levels with the presence of big IGF-II suggest the diagnostic potential of these miRNAs for IGF-II producing NICTH.Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease in reproductive-age women. Although the hormone-dependent therapy is the first line treatment for endometriosis, it is not a curative regimen and associated with severe side-effects, which significantly decrease the life quality of affected individuals. To seek a target for treatment of endometriosis, we focused on plasma membrane proteins that are elevated in ectopic cells and exert beneficial effects in cell growth and survival. We performed bioinformatics analysis and identified the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2) as a potential candidate for treatment. The expression levels of NTRK2 were markedly upregulated in the lesions of clinical specimen as well as in the mouse endometriotic-like lesion. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that upregulation of NTRK2 is induced by hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha-dependent manner. Knockdown of NTRK2 or administration of ANA-12, a selective antagonist of NTRK2, significantly induced endometriotic stromal cells death, suggesting it may be a potential therapeutic agent. In vivo study using surgery-induced endometriosis mice model showed ANA-12 (1.5 mg/kg body weight) treatment induced apoptosis of endometriotic cells and caused the regression of ectopic lesions. Taken together, our findings suggest a possible mechanism responsible for the aberrant expression of NTRK2 in endometriotic lesions and this may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Timely activation of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) is critical for fertility. Activating mutations in LHCGR cause familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) due to premature synthesis of testosterone. A mouse model of FMPP (KiLHRD582G), expressing a constitutively activating mutation in LHCGR, was previously developed in our laboratory. KiLHRD582G mice became progressively infertile due to sexual dysfunction and exhibited smooth muscle loss and chondrocyte accumulation in the penis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that KiLHRD582G mice had erectile dysfunction due to impaired smooth muscle function. Apomorphine-induced erection studies determined that KiLHRD582G mice had erectile dysfunction. Penile smooth muscle and endothelial function were assessed using penile cavernosal strips. Penile endothelial cell content was not changed in KiLHRD582G mice. The maximal relaxation response to acetylcholine and the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, was significantly reduced in KiLHRD582G mice indicating an impairment in the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were significantly reduced in KiLHRD582G mice in response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, BAY 41-2272. Expression of NOS1, NOS3 and PKRG1 were unchanged. The Rho-kinase signaling pathway for smooth muscle contraction was not altered. Together, these data indicate that KiLHRD582G mice have erectile dysfunction due to impaired NO-mediated activation of soluble guanylate cyclase resulting in decreased levels of cGMP and penile smooth muscle relaxation. These studies in the KiLHRD582G mice demonstrate that activating mutations in the mouse LHCGR cause erectile dysfunction due to impairment of the NO-mediated signaling pathway in the penile smooth muscle.