Berthelsenwillis1929
Extreme weather and climate events, such as heat waves, cyclones, and floods, are an expression of climate variability. These events and events influenced by climate change, such as wildfires, continue to cause significant human morbidity and mortality and adversely affect mental health and well-being. Although adverse health impacts from extreme events declined over the past few decades, climate change and more people moving into harm's way could alter this trend. Long-term changes to Earth's energy balance are increasing the frequency and intensity of many extreme events and the probability of compound events, with trends projected to accelerate under certain greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. While most of these events cannot be completely avoided, many of the health risks could be prevented through building climate-resilient health systems with improved risk reduction, preparation, response, and recovery. Conducting vulnerability and adaptation assessments and developing health system adaptation plans can identify priority actions to effectively reduce risks, such as disaster risk management and more resilient infrastructure. The risks are urgent, so action is needed now.Gender microaggressions are everyday slights, insults, and invalidations theorized to create and sustain environments in which sexual harassment and assault of women is normative and permissible. Establishing a gender microaggressions taxonomy for undergraduate women may support efforts to improve campus climate and reduce sexual violence. This study aims to identify a gender microaggressions taxonomy for undergraduate women on college campuses. Five qualitative semi-structured focus groups (N = 23) were conducted with 18- to 25-year-old undergraduate women. Purposive sampling was employed and directed content analysis was performed. Seven themes emerged invisibility, intersectionality, caretaker and nurturer, women-dominated occupations, presumed incompetence, sexual objectification, and environmental invalidations.Introduction Cerebrovascular diseases encompass various disorders of the brain vasculature, such as ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes, aneurysms, and vascular malformations, also affecting the central nervous system leading to a large variety of transient or permanent neurological disorders. They represent major causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and some of them can be inherited, including Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), an autosomal dominant cerebrovascular disease linked to mutations in CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, or CCM3/PDCD10 genes.Areas covered Besides marked clinical and etiological heterogeneity, some commonalities are emerging among distinct cerebrovascular diseases, including key pathogenetic roles of oxidative stress and inflammation, which are increasingly recognized as major disease hallmarks and therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different clinical features and common pathogenetic determinants of cerebrovascular diseases, highlighting major challenges, including the pressing need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and focusing on emerging innovative features and promising benefits of nanomedicine strategies for early detection and targeted treatment of such diseases.Expert opinion Specifically, we describe and discuss the multiple physico-chemical features and unique biological advantages of nanosystems, including nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics, and nanotheranostics, that may help improving diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and neurological comorbidities, with an emphasis on CCM disease.Patients with foot pain commonly present to their primary care physicians for their initial management and treatment. These patients and their respective foot or lesser toe pain can present the physician with a complex problem with a long differential list. Depending on the timing of the pain and underlying pathology, these differentials can be divided into acute and acute exacerbation of chronic conditions. This review categorizes the history, physical exam, radiological findings, conservative treatment, and surgical management for each major cause of lesser toe pain, whether acute or chronic. The acute conditions surrounding lesser toe pain in the adult population discussed are toe fractures, toe dislocations, and metatarsal head and neck fractures. The chronic pathologies surrounding lesser toe pain in the adult population evaluated in this review include metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, Freiberg infraction, brachymetatarsia, bunionettes, and lesser toe disorders.Background While asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) can explain some cases of exertional dyspnea, the differential diagnosis of dyspnea is extensive. Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a condition that is often overlooked and underdiagnosed. Pharmacologic treatments are available and widely utilized by clinicians for exertional dyspnea, but a better understanding of the non-pharmacologic treatments as well as psychological factors that play a role in DB can provide professional, elite amateurs, and recreational athletes with more therapeutic options.Measurement tools for mental toughness Given the psychological components involved with these conditions, a tool to measure domains of sports mental toughness in athletes could help medical providers create a more comprehensive athlete profile which can be used in conjunction with standard pharmacologic therapy to provide a more effective treatment plan.Diagnosing DB While normal breathing mechanics help shape appropriate posture and spinal stabilint with their medications or if there is not an indication of asthma or EIBAssess dysfunctional breathing (DB) with Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ).If DB is present, measure mental skills using the Sisu Quiz to determine an athlete's mental skills profile.Evaluate postural changes that may impact an athlete's ability to breathe.Using the three tools of the NQ, Sisu Quiz, and Postural assessments creates an athlete profile that is clinically useful to improve breathing technique.DB is often mistaken for other conditions for which medications are prescribed. By identifying DB early and making appropriate changes may negate or reduce the need for pharmacotherapy.Improving DB will improve athletic performance.
Pediatric occipital epileptiform discharges occur in various clinical settings, including self-limited and treatment-resistant epilepsies. The study objective is to determine electro-clinical predictors for prognosis in children with occipital epileptiform discharges.
205 patients with occipital epileptiform discharges were classified into seizure groups self-limited occipital (SLO) (n = 57), including Panayiotopoulos and Gastaut syndrome; non-self-limited occipital (non-SLO) (n = 98), including various seizure etiologies; genetic-generalized (n = 18); febrile (n = 5); and no-seizure (n = 27) groups. Electro-clinical features of the SLO and non-SLO were compared, as this is of most clinical relevance.
The median age of seizure onset was 3 years (range 0-19). Occipital epileptiform discharges with frontal/central positivity were present in both groups, but more common in the SLO than non-SLO groups; 21/57 (36.8%) and 19/98 (19.4%), respectively (
< .022). However, when occipital epileptiform discharges with tangential dipoles (
< .048) were accompanied by abnormal ictal eye movements (
< .037), they were predictive of SLO epilepsy.
In our cohort, occipital epileptiform discharges with tangential dipole detected by visual analysis and abnormal ictal eye movements were predictive of SLO epilepsy.
In our cohort, occipital epileptiform discharges with tangential dipole detected by visual analysis and abnormal ictal eye movements were predictive of SLO epilepsy.
The use of the vancomycin wrap to pretreat the hamstring graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has grown in popularity since it was first described in 2012 and has significantly reduced rates of postoperative infection. However, it remains unknown if this antibiotic treatment affects the molecular composition of the graft.
To establish whether treatment with vancomycin at 5 mg/mL, the most commonly used concentration, alters the molecular function of the hamstring graft in ACLR.
Controlled laboratory study.
Surplus hamstring tendon collected after routine ACLR surgery was used for in vitro cell culture and ex vivo tissue experiments. Vancomycin was used at 5 mg/mL in RPMI or saline diluent to treat cells and tendon tissue, respectively, with diluent control conditions. Cell viability at 30, 60, and 120 minutes was assessed via colorimetric viability assay. Tendon cells treated with control and experimental conditions for 1 hour was evaluated using semiquantitative reverse transcripCL wrap does not alter the molecular structure of the ACL hamstring graft and may improve graft integrity.Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles. However, astrocytes are as numerous as neurons in the mammalian brain, and current findings indicate a chemically based dialog between astrocytes and neurons. Sabutoclax Activation of astrocytes by synaptically released neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca2+ in astrocytes, which then can regulate the efficacy of near and distant tripartite synapses at diverse timescales through gliotransmitter release. Here, we discuss recent evidence on how diverse behaviors are impacted by this dialog. These recent findings support a paradigm shift in neuroscience, in which animal behavior does not result exclusively from neuronal activity but from the coordinated activity of both astrocytes and neurons. Decoding how astrocytes and neurons interact with each other in various brain circuits will be fundamental to fully understanding how behaviors originate and become dysregulated in disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http//www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung disease whose underlying mechanisms have been primarily investigated in mice after intratracheal instillation of a single dose of bleomycin. However, the model has significant limitations including the transient fibrosis which spontaneously resolves and its failure to fully recapitulate the epithelial remodeling in the lungs of IPF patients. Thus, there remains an unmet need for a pre-clinical model with features that more closely resemble the human disease. Repetitive intratracheal instillation of bleomycin has previously been shown to recapitulate some of these features, but the instillation procedure is complex and the long-term consequences on epithelial remodeling and fibrosis persistence and progression remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a simplified repetitive bleomycin instillation strategy consisting of three bi-weekly instillations that leads to persistent and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Lung histology demonstrates increased collagen deposition, fibroblast accumulation, loss of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC1s and AEC2s) within fibrotic areas, bronchiolization of the lung parenchyma with CCSP+ cells, remodeling of the distal lung into cysts reminiscent of simple honeycombing, and the accumulation of hyperplastic transitional KRT8+ epithelial cells.
