Songludvigsen7707

Background In the past, most people sought medical information by consulting heath care professionals. Nowadays, many people started to use online resources to access medical information. Objective The study aims to investigate whether YouTube videos on hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid surgery can be a useful e-learning source for the general population, surgical trainees and specialists. Methods A YouTube search was performed in October 2019 using the keywords "hemorrhoids" and "hemorrhoid surgery", and the videos were divided into 2 groups according to the keywords. Three independent researchers assessed the metadata and classified them according to the level of accuracy (hemorrhoid group) and to the level of usefulness (hemorrhoid surgery group). Cohen's test and Kappa (K) value was used to evaluate the inter-investigators agreement. Results A total of 200 videos were analyzed, 100 for each keyword. Regarding hemorrhoid group, 43 videos (48.3%) were misleading, 9 were accurate (10.1%), 18 were approximate (20.2%), and 19 were considered a personal experience (21.4%). Regarding hemorrhoid surgery group, around 60% of the videos were lacking clear explanation, while about 16% were inaccurate. GSK-3 beta phosphorylation Only the remaining 24% were considered useful for teaching. Conclusion Around half of the YouTube videos regarding hemorrhoids topic are misleading or inaccurate and present a risk of harmful consequences. Credible videos with accurate information need to be uploaded by medical professionals and medical institutions and some sort of filtering using categories by the staff of YouTube appear to be necessary. Care must be taken to produce clear highquality operative clips with generous scientific commentary.Background The purpose of the present study was to clarify the differences in social demographic factors and sedentary behavior by gender in Japanese living overseas in Malaysia. Methods First, 130 subjects were surveyed by self-entry questionnaire for statistical factors related to social demographics and sedentary behavior. These factors were age (years), gender (man/woman), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ), educational history (≥13 years, %), employment (full-time or part-time, yes, %), alcohol intake (a certain amount, yes, %), smoking behavior (yes, %), and marital status (yes, %). BMI as obtained from the participants' weight and height were collected from the self-reported questionnaire and assessed. Sitting behavior time as an index of sedentary behavior on workdays, non-workdays, and total time were identified by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi square-test and t-test respectively. The criterion for a statistically significant difference was p less then 0.05. Results Finally, 107 subjects (t of the differences in social demographic factors and postponement of sedentary behavior for both genders may reduce sitting behavior time in overseas Japanese residents and may help in developing public health strategies.Accumulative evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial impairment actively contributes to the synaptic and cognitive failure that characterizes AD. The presence of soluble pathological forms of tau like hyperphosphorylated at Ser396 and Ser404 and cleaved at Asp421 by caspase 3, negatively impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics, transport, and morphology in neurons. These adverse effects against mitochondria health will contribute to the synaptic impairment and cognitive decline showed in AD. Current studies suggest that mitochondrial failure induced by pathological tau forms are likely the result of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). mPTP is a mitochondrial mega-channel that is activated by increases in calcium and is associated with mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. This structure is composed of different proteins, where CypD is considered to be the primary mediator of mPTP activation. Also, new studies suggest that mPTP contributes to A pathology and oxidative stress in AD. Further, inhibition of mPTP through the reduction of CypD expression prevents cognitive and synaptic impairment in AD mouse models. More importantly, tau protein contributes to the physiological regulation of mitochondria through the opening/interaction with mPTP in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, in this paper, we will discuss evidence that suggests an important role of pathological forms of tau against mitochondrial health. Also, we will discuss the possible role of mPTP in the mitochondrial impairment produced by the presence of tau pathology and its impact on synaptic function present in AD.Background Subjective memory impairment (SMI) may tremendously increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The full understanding of the neuromechanism of SMI will shed light on the early intervention of AD. Methods In the current study, 23 healthy controls (HC), 22 SMI subjects and 24 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects underwent the comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The difference in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and functional connectivity (FC) from the region of interest (ROI) to the whole brain were compared, respectively. Results The results showed that HC and SMI subjects had significantly higher connectivity in the region of the precuneus area compared to aMCI subjects. However, from this region to the whole brain, SMI and aMCI subjects had significant FC decrease in the right anterior cingulum, left superior frontal and left medial superior frontal gyrus compared to HC. In addition, this FC change was significantly correlated with the cognitive function decline in participants. Conclusion Our study indicated that SMI subjects had relatively intact DMN connectivity but impaired FC between the anterior and posterior brain. The findings suggest that long-distance FC is more vulnerable than the short ones in the people with SMI.With the development of nanotechnology, tumor physical stimuli-responsive therapies (TPSRTs) have reached a new stage because of the remarkable characteristics of nanocarriers. The nanocarriers enable such therapies to overcome the drawbacks of traditional therapies, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy. To further explore the possibility of the nanocarrier-assisted TPSRTs, scientists have combined different TPSRTs via the platform of the nanocarriers into combination TPSRTs, which include photothermal therapy (PTT) with magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT), PTT with sonodynamic therapy (SDT), MHT with photodynamic therapy (PDT), and PDT with PTT. To achieve such therapies, it requires to fully utilize the versatile functions of a specific nanocarrier, which depends on a pellucid understanding of the traits of those nanocarriers. This review covers the principles of different TPSRTs and their combinations, summarized the various types of combination TPSRTs nanocarriers and their therapeutic effects on tumors, and discussed the current disadvantages and future developments of these nanocarriers in the application of combination TPSRTs.