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8, the desulfurization efficiency of red mud can reach 93 % in the first hour, and the denitration efficiency can be maintained at about 87 %. Besides, the reaction mechanism with multi oxidation absorption steps was also proposed. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are serious pollutants in municipal sewage treatment plants and may cause significant harm to ecological systems, microbial fouling is also inevitable in membrane process. Herein, novel forward osmosis (FO) membranes made of electrospun nanofibers (TFN0) and further impregnated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) (TFN1) nanoparticles and titanium dioxide/silver composite nanoparticles (TiO2/AgNPs) (TFN2). The FO membranes were used to compare the antimicrobial performance and rejection of tetracycline-resistant genes (TRGs). Characterizations revealed that the TiO2/AgNPs were evenly scattered in the polysulfone (PSf) nanofibers and resulted in a TFN2 membrane that exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, filtration, and antibiofouling performance in real wastewater. The cell viability analysis revealed that the antibacterial effect of the TFN2 membranes was significantly better than that of TFN1, as indicated by about 65 % of E. coli cells killed after contact with the TFN2 membrane. TFN2 membranes had greater rejection rates of TRB and TRGs than TFN1. The TRG permeation rates of the TFN2 membrane in the FO mode (active layer facing the feed solution) were 39.62 % and 33.02 % lower than the TFN0 and TFN1 membranes, respectively. FO membranes modified by the TiO2/AgNPs nanocomposites hold promise to remove ARGs and pathogens from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Local government's environmental expenditure (LGEE) is critical to ecological protection and environmental governance, and it has not played its due role. By constructing a theoretical model of the competitive effect of LGEE under the intervention of central government, this study used the spatial econometric model to analyze the competitive effect of LGEE based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2016. The main results show that (1) from the perspective of the national area, LGEE shows a U-shaped development model together with economic growth; (2) a significant positive spatial effect in interprovincial LGEE is observed in eastern region, indicating that local government tends to adopt the competitive strategy of mutual imitation. Local government will not reduce environmental expenditure as fiscal decentralization increases; (3) the coefficient of the spatial effect in LGEE is significantly negative in central and western regions, which is manifested as a competitive strategy of mutual substitution. The coefficient of fiscal decentralization is significantly negative, indicating that LGEE relies mainly on the transfer payments from central government, and the essence of interprovincial competition regarding environmental expenditure is the competition for the transfer payments from central government. Trace metals and nutrients attached on road deposited sediments (RDS) are the main source of non-point pollution to urban waterbodies causing ecological degradation and eutrophication problems. Mathematical models of the pollutant build-up process on road surfaces can be used to develop remediation measures. However, there was lack of research on the pollutant build-up process of various sized particles during a long dry period. This research investigated the build-up behaviors of specific pollutants in size-fractioned particles during 41 antecedent dry-weather days (ADDs), which was the longest build-up period ever studied. This research revealed that the pollution concentration exhibited a mono-growth behavior, while the pollutant mass followed a cyclic behavior during the study period. The time to peak and the build-up cycle of various pollutant mass were all highly associated with the particle characteristics, and the mass and concentration levels of pollutants in various sized particles were different. Furthermore, two important phenomena were found in this study the bioavailability of phosphorus as well as the enrichment factors of metals all increased along with time during the build-up process. These findings provide new insights in non-point source pollution build-up and improve the water quality modelling. Ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composites were synthesized and used for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE). The nZVI/CMK-3 composites exhibited high TCE removal efficiency in a batch study, which was 2.5 times that of nZVI alone. They also displayed excellent reusability, with 65.2% removal efficiency after three treatments. Dechlorination dominated the process of TCE removal (75.3%-79.4%), whereas adsorption accounted for 20.6%-24.7%. CMK-3 enhanced the dechlorination rate and efficiency of TCE by nZVI, and the enhancement was favored with the increase in CMK-3 content. The Tafel analysis and H2 evolution experiments indicated the mechanisms of CMK-3 action in nZVI/CMK-3 composites for TCE removal. CMK-3 serves as a direct electron transfer, whereas CO was identified as the functional group involved; the other involved the acceleration of redox reaction of atomic hydrogen owing to the superior hydrogen adsorption capacity of CMK-3. The present study provides new perspectives for seeking more efficient nZVI to reinforce the dechlorination process; however, more studies are warranted in the long-term performance of nZVI/CMK-3 in the aquifer condition. Plastic waste is an environmental burden substance, which poses a high threat to the society during disposal. Rather than disposal, recycling of this waste to liquid fuel gains importance owing to its high utility. Among various techniques, thermo-chemical recycling techniques hold more benefits in generating high value added liquid fuels. In this review, the details of municipal plastic waste generation are provided with a brief description of the plastic waste management option and importance of recycling is explained. The overview of the thermo-chemical treatment focusing on the pyrolysis, gasification and hydrocracking process was elaborated. RNA Synthesis inhibitor Catalysts mediated pyrolysis have wide-open their prospective for the generation of bio-oil, hydrocarbons, syngas and deterioration of undesired substances. Generally, advance development of enthusiastic catalysts for the synthesis of bio-oil would be vital for scaling up the pyrolysis process to succeed in commercial manufacture of biofuels from waste plastics. Overall rate treatment depends on operating parameter which determines the process efficiency and product yield.