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This indicated that FL-BsAb1/17 can inhibit the development of fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. FL-BsAb1/17 (10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg) could also effectively reduce the content of MDA, increase the activity of SOD and CAT, and improve the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). In conclusion, FL-BsAb1/17 alleviated BLM-induced SSc by downregulating inflammatory cascades, relieving oxidative stress and inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. These data suggest that FL-BsAb1/17 has potential as a novel therapeutic candidate for SSc.It was aimed to examine the role of gibberellic acid (GA) induced production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in alleviating boron toxicity (BT) in tomato plants. Two weeks after germination, a solution consisting of GA (100 mg L-1) was sprayed once a week for 14 days to the leaves of cv. "SC 2121" of tomato under BT stress (BT; 2.0 mM). Before starting BT treatment, half of the seedlings were retained in a solution containing a scavenger of H2S, 0.1 mM hypotaurine (HT), for 12 h. Boron toxicity led to a substantial decrease in dry biomass, leaf water potential, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm), ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in the tomato plants. However, it increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and free proline as well as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. The supplementation of GA mitigated BT by increasing the endogenous H2S, and leaf Ca2+ and K+, and reducing the contents of leaf H2O2, MDA, and B as well as membrane leakage. GA-induced BT tolerance was further enhanced by the supplementation of sodium hydrosulfide (0.2 mM NaHS), an H2S donor. A scavenger of H2S, hypotaurine (0.1 mM HT) was supplied along with the GA and NaHS treatments to assess if H2S was involved in GA-induced BT tolerance of tomato plants. Addition of HT reversed the beneficial effect of GA on oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system by reducing the endogenous H2S without changing L-DES activity, suggesting that H2S participates in GA-induced tolerance to BT of tomato plants.Deterioration during seed storage generally causes seed vigour declining. However, the mechanism of deterioration occurred still not clear. Seeds and embryos of oat (Avena sativa L.) were selected to analyze the relation of physiological and metabolic reactions with DEGs by using RNA-seq. Oat seed vigour declined during seeds aged 0 day (CK), 16 days (CD16) and 32 days (CD32). The changes of MDA and H2O2 contents, antioxidant enzymes activities of APX, DHAR, MDHAR and GR related with AsA-GSH cycle in embryos illustrated that seed vigour declined to the minimum at CD32. Transcriptomic analysis showed a total of 11335 and 8274 DEGs were identified at CD16 and CD32 compared with CK respectively, of which 4070 were overlapped. When seed vigour declined to the moderate level (CD16), the accumulation of H2O2 caused by the inhibition of complex I in ETC could be alleviated with AsA-GSH cycle. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results both showed alternative oxidase in alternate respiratory pathway was upregulated which would maintain seed respiration. selleck However, as seed vigour was at the lowest level (CD32), blocked ETC caused by down-regulation of complex III, including Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex 14kD subunit and Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase, UQCRX/QCR9 like, were more seriously and H2O2 scavenging was limited by the inactive AsA-GSH cycle. It could be suggested that the function of AsA-GSH would play a key role for regulating the physiological responses of ETC in embryos during seed ageing. These results would provide an insight into embryo for the transcriptomic information during oat seed ageing.High temperatures limit the successful cultivation of the Hylocereus species on a global basis. We aimed to investigate the degree of heat tolerance in three species, namely, the diploids Hylocereus undatus and H. monacanthus, and the tetraploid H. megalanthus, and nine of their interspecific-interploid hybrids. Rooted cuttings were exposed to heat stress (45/35 °C) or control conditions (25/20 °C) for eight days. Initially, the plants were screened for their tolerance to heat stress and ranked into four heat tolerance categories good tolerance, moderate tolerance, low tolerance, or sensitive, according to the decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and visual stem damage. The physiological and biochemical performances of the parental species and of three hybrids representing three different heat-tolerance categories were further analyzed in depth. H. megalanthus (classified as heat sensitive) showed a 65% decrease in Fv/Fm and severe visual stem damage, along with a marked reduction in total chlorophyll content, a large increase in malondialdehyde, and inhibition of catalase activity. H. undatus and H. monacanthus, (classified as low-tolerance species) exhibited slight stem "liquification." The good-tolerance hybrid Z-16 exhibited the best performance under heat stress (21% decrease in Fv/Fm) and the absence of stem damage, coupled with a small decrease in total chlorophyll content, a slight increase in malondialdehyde, high antioxidant activity, and proline accumulation progressing with time. Our findings revealed that most of the hybrids performed better than their parental species, indicating that our breeding programs can provide Hylocereus cultivars suitable for cultivation in heat-challenging regions.Alzheimer's disease is type of dementia in which cognitive functions get declined. More than 50 million people are affected by this disease across the world. Many clinical and preclinical studies have been conducted on the treatment of AD but very limited number of drugs have found a clinical application. Because regeneration of neuron is a complicated process due to the involvement of multiple pathways, a combination of drugs that can work through multiple pathways could prove to be effective in treating AD. Based on prior studies and different mechanisms involved in the treatment, a new hypothesis has been proposed that a combination of galantamine, memantine and lycopene is anticipated to produce better activity as compared to the current therapies available in market for the treatment of this disease.