Hoodkromann7033
The promotion and use of green products is an important way to improve the living environment and reduce resource consumption and waste. Green products often have higher prices than general products due to its green attributes. According to the signal theory, purchasing green products can effectively convey the pro-social signals of the consumers. Therefore, based on the price premium characteristics of green products, this study constructed a theoretical and quantitative research model of the public's WTP (willingness to pay) a price premium for green products and conducted an in-depth study on the consumers' acceptability of premium for green products. A total of 991 valid questionnaires were analyzed, and the following results were obtained (1) The public's WTP a price premium for green products was generally low, with only 30.1% of respondents. (2) The influencing factors of the WTP a price premium for green products were conditional value>green value>functional value>value expression form>price importancmption consciousness. Enterprises should give full play to the influence of reference groups, highlight the value of green products, and popularize green products through appropriate price discount activities, so as to promote the public to participate more actively in the purchase of green products. At the same time, it can also provide reference and enlightenment for the formulation of relevant policies..In this study, we continue to analyze the diffusion mechanism of ultrafine particles and the particle coagulation phenomenon with a size range of 26-287 nm exhausted from vehicles during the process of passing through a 100-m-long tunnel using the realizable k-ε model and dynamic grid technique. A three-dimensional model consisting of a 100-m highway tunnel and four side-by-side gasoline vehicles (L × W × H = 4.5 m × 1.8 m × 1.5 m) was established in the STAR-CCM+ computational fluid dynamics software. The gasoline vehicles traveled simultaneously under different situations of three driving speeds of 60 km h-1, 40 km h-1, and 20 km h-1 during the simulation. Through data analysis and research, it was found that the coagulation process of particles is very complicated, especially at low speeds. When the vehicle speed is 20 km h-1, the variation in particle concentration at the vehicle wake near the tailpipe (at the vertical plane located 0.1 m behind the exhaust pipe) causes a large error if the coagulation aure.COVID-19 has turned many ethical principles and presuppositions upside down. More precisely, the principle of respect for autonomy has been shown to be ill suited to face the ethical challenges posed by the current health crisis. Individual wishes and choices have been subordinated to public interests. Patients have received trial therapies under extraordinary procedures of informed consent. The principle of respect for autonomy, at least in its mainstream interpretation, has been particularly questioned during this pandemic. Further reflection on the nature and value of autonomy is urgently needed. Relational autonomy has been proposed as an alternative account of autonomy that can more adequately respond to contemporary ethical issues in general and to a pandemic such as the one we are currently facing in particular. As relational autonomy is an emerging notion in current bioethics, it requires further consideration and development to be properly operationalized. This paper aims to show how six different philosophical branches--namely, philosophy of nature, philosophical anthropology, existential phenomenology, discourse ethics, hermeneutics, and cultural anthropology--have incorporated the category of relation throughout the twentieth century. We first delve into primary philosophical sources and then apply their insights to the specific field of medical ethics. Learning from the historical developments of other philosophical fields may provide illumination that will enable bioethics to experience a successful "relational turn", which has been partially initiated in contemporary bioethics but not yet achieved.Meta-analysis is a powerful and important tool to synthesize the literature about a research topic. Like other kinds of research, meta-analyses must be reproducible to be compliant with the principles of the scientific method. Furthermore, reproducible meta-analyses can be easily updated with new data and reanalysed applying new and more refined analysis techniques. We attempted to empirically assess the prevalence of transparency and reproducibility-related reporting practices in published meta-analyses from clinical psychology by examining a random sample of 100 meta-analyses. Our purpose was to identify the key points that could be improved, with the aim of providing some recommendations for carrying out reproducible meta-analyses. We conducted a meta-review of meta-analyses of psychological interventions published between 2000 and 2020. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases. A structured coding form to assess transparency indicators was created based on previous studies and existing meta-analysis guidelines. We found major issues concerning completely reproducible search procedures report, specification of the exact method to compute effect sizes, choice of weighting factors and estimators, lack of availability of the raw statistics used to compute the effect size and of interoperability of available data, and practically total absence of analysis script code sharing. Based on our findings, we conclude with recommendations intended to improve the transparency, openness, and reproducibility-related reporting practices of meta-analyses in clinical psychology and related areas.SARS-CoV-2 infection determines a disease that predominantly affects lungs. However the cytokines storms, determined by the huge immune response to the infection, could affect also other organs and apparatus such as heart and vessels. Beyond the acute inflammation itself also hypercoagulative status has been linked to SARSCoV-2 infection and this surely relates to the increase seen in prevalence of pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. A number of cardiac abnormalities and pathologies have been observed, with special attention to cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial involvement. Furthermore, indirect damages determined by the reduction in acute and chronic cardiovascular care, results in a strong mortality and morbidity outcomes in cardiological patients. In this review we will summarise current knowledge on both direct and indirect cardiovascular damages determined by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemia.
Inpatient management of patients with heart failure (HF) and renal impairment is challenging. We sought to evaluate the role of pocket ultrasound (US)-guided management of this patient population.
We prospectively included patients with acute HF exacerbation and renal impairment admitted to the HF service in our University hospital from January 2017 to August 2018. We compared the outcomes of patients who received US-guided management with those who received standard of care management. find more The main study outcome was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariable logistic analysis was used to adjust for basic demographics and risk factors.
A total of 211 patients with renal impairment presenting with acute HF exacerbation (mean age 66.8 ± 14.6 years, 41% females, 62% white) were enrolled in the study, of whom 69 (32.7%) received US-guided management and 151 (68%) received standard of care management. The change in the eGFR was significantly lower in US-guided group than in the group receiving standard of care (1.1 ± 4.3% vs. -11.15 ± 2.9%; p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed between the patient groups in the length of stay (6.45 ± 0.38 vs. 6.44 ± 0.56; days; p = 0.98) and in the 30-day HF readmission rate (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.28-5.6; p = 0.75).
Ultrasound-guided management of patients admitted with acute HF exacerbation and renal impairment may be beneficial in preserving kidney function. US provides a simple easily accessible tool to guide the management of patients with HF.
Ultrasound-guided management of patients admitted with acute HF exacerbation and renal impairment may be beneficial in preserving kidney function. US provides a simple easily accessible tool to guide the management of patients with HF.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risks of mortality in people with chronic kidney disease. The benefits and harm of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality are unknown. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of calcifediol in reducing mortalityin patients with vitamin D insufficiency on hemodialysis compared to no additional therapy.
A phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial was conducted including 284 adults with vitamin D insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis who were randomly assigned to receive oral calcifediol or standard care for 24months.
Two hundred eighty-four participants were enrolled (143 assigned to the calcifediol group and 141 to the no additional therapy group). The primary outcome (mortality)occurred in 34 and 31 participants in the calcifediol and control group, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-1.67]. Calcifediol had no detectable effects on cardiovascular death (HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.41-2.74), non-cardiovascular death (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.62-2.04), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR 0.20; 95% CI 0.02-1.67) or nonfatal stroke (HR could not be estimated). The incidence of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia was similar between groups. None of the participants underwent parathyroidectomy.
In adults treated with hemodialysis and who had vitamin D insufficiency, calcifediol supplementation for 24months had inconclusive effects on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.
NCT01457001.
NCT01457001.
The effect of urolithiasis on pregnancy-related outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through December 2020 for studies reporting onadverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients with urolithiasis. Risk ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for these outcomes in pregnant mothers with urolithiasis and compared to healthy controls.
Eight studies comprising 26,577 mothers with urolithiasis were included in our analysis. Preterm birth (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.37-1.95, p < 0.001) or very preterm birth risk (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06-2.11, p = 0.02) was more common in patients with urolithiasis compared to healthy controls. Mothers with urolithiasis had an increased incidence of preeclampsia (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.33-2.3, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.31-6.71, p = 0.009), caesarean section (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.55, p = 0.001), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.37-2.46, p < 0.001).
Patients with urolithiasis may be at increased risk of developing adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.
Patients with urolithiasis may be at increased risk of developing adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.
