Hartbak5373

Parents described that the inclusion of the therapy dog appeared to provide emotional safety within the sessions facilitating rapport building between their child and the therapist. However, parents indicated that the inclusion of the therapy dog alone was not sufficient to facilitate therapy engagement for their children. The skills and qualities of the therapist as well as the provision of goal-directed therapy were considered essential for children's engagement. CONCLUSION The findings from this study contribute to our understanding of the impact of canine-assisted occupational therapy for children on the autism spectrum. This sparsely researched area requires more evaluation to ensure best practice canine-assisted occupational therapy for children on the autism spectrum. © 2020 Occupational Therapy Australia.The pharmacokinetic parameters of levamisole were determined in the Caspian salmon after intramuscular (IM), oral by gavage, and oral by feed administrations. Eighty-one healthy fish in three different groups received levamisole at the dose of 25 mg/fish by each route. Blood samples were collected at time points of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, and 24 hr after administrations. Plasma levamisole concentrations were measured by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and were analyzed using a noncompartmental approach. The mean terminal half-life was 4.56, 3.95, and 2.91 hr for IM, gavage and feed routes, respectively. The peak plasma concentration for IM, gavage, and feed routes of levamisole were 35.53, 4.63, and 8.36 µg/ml, respectively, at the time of 0.25 for IM, and 1 hr for gavage and feed. The relative bioavailability for gavage and feed routes was 54.80 and 69.30. The similar bioavailability for gavage and feed might be indicative of similar efficacy for these routes of administrations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the absolute oral bioavailability and the effective dose in Caspian salmon. © 2020 University of Pisa. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is defined as an extreme and chronic pain condition, and photobiomodulation has relevance as a complementary treatment for CRPS. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy protocols at two wavelengths 660 and 830 nm, associated or not to nicotine in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four Swiss mice were divided into the following groups (i) Naive, (ii) Sham, (iii) Control, (iv) 660 nm, (v) 830 nm, (vii) Nicotine, (vii) Nicotine/660 nm, and (viii) Nicotine/830 nm. GW3965 purchase CRPS-I was induced in an experimental ischemia/reperfusion model by affixing an elastic ring, proximal to the ankle joint of the right hind mouse paw, for 3 hours. Nicotine, in the respective groups was administered for 28 days prior to the induction of CRPS-I. PBMT was applied immediately after the procedure and for 20 consecutive days. The animals were evaluated for mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, paw edema at baseline and for 7, 14, and 21 days. Statistical analyses comprised a mixed-effects model, using the Tukey post hoc test (P  less then  0.05). RESULTS The PBMT wavelengths in 660 and 830 nm groups had beneficial effects (P  less then  0.05) in reducing mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, but the effects at 660 nm were significantly better than 830 nm. At reducing edema, both wavelengths had significant effects statistically, absolutely no difference between them. CONCLUSIONS The use of PBMT (660 and 830 nm) was effective in reducing mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia; however, PBMT at 660 nm generated significant results. In reducing edema, both wavelengths had similar effects, which were significant statistically. The deleterious effects of nicotine were evident statistically and were softened when treated with PBMT (P  less then  0.05). Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alloimmunization targeting major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens is common following platelet transfusion. Pathogen reduction of platelets can block alloimmunization to MHC in mice and induce partial antigen-specific tolerance to subsequent transfusions. This study utilized small allelic variants to evaluate the relative contributions of class I and class II MHC to the alloresponse against untreated or pathogen-reduced platelets. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 (B6) Kbm1 and B6 IAbm12 mice with small variants in the class I Kb and class II IAb alleles, respectively, were used as platelet donors for wild-type B6 recipients. Both untreated and pathogen-reduced platelet-rich plasma (PRP) transfusions were evaluated for immunogenicity by measuring antibody responses and ex vivo cytokine production. RESULTS Both the Kbm1 and IAbm12 alleles induced antibody responses, though the response to Kbm1 was greater. Pathogen reduction blocked the antibody responses to IAbm12 , but not to Kbm1 . Both the Kbm1 and IAbm12 alleles primed ex vivo cytokine responses that were blocked with pathogen reduction, though responses to IAbm12 were broader and larger (Kbm1 responses IFN-γ, TNFα, and MIP-1β; IAbm12 responses IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF). Pathogen-reduced Kbm1 PRP did not appear to induce any tolerance to subsequent untreated Kbm1 PRP transfusions. CONCLUSION Minor allelic variants in both the class I and class II MHC are capable of inducing an alloresponse to transfusion. The Kbm1 PRP induced alloantibodies even with pathogen reduction and did not show signs of inducing the partial tolerance to subsequent transfusions observed with a larger MHC mismatch. © 2020 International Society of Blood Transfusion.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Mi(a+) GP(B-A-B) hybrid phenotypes occur with a prevalence of 2%-23% across Southeast Asia. While the s antigen is alleged to be altered, no evidence for specific variants is known. Screening using a monoclonal IgM anti-s mistyped six S-s+ RBC units as S-s-. Further, alloanti-s was identified in an S+s+ patient. Our objective was to investigate the s antigen further. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA from 63 Thai blood donor samples PCR-positive for a GYP(B-A-B) hybrid was sequenced with primers spanning GYPB exons 3-4. Flow cytometry was used for semiquantitative analysis of s expression and correlated with the glycophorin genotype. RESULTS DNA sequencing showed that GYP*Mur was carried by 56/63 samples (88·9%) of which 5/56 lacked normal GYPB three of these were GYP*Mur homozygotes, one was a compound heterozygote carrying GYP*Mur and a GYP*Bun-like allele (designated GYP*Thai), and the fifth sample carried GYP*Mur and another GYP*Bun-like allele. Seven samples (7/63) were GYP*Thai heterozygotes. IgM monoclonal anti-s (P3BER) did not react with the s antigen carried by GP.Mur or GP.Bun, whereas two IgG anti-s showed enhanced reactivity. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that GYP*Mur is the most frequent variant in Thai blood donors and also identified GYP*Thai with a frequency of 1·1%. We showed that s antigen on Mi(a+) GP(B-A-B) hybrids is qualitatively altered and should be considered when selecting reagents for phenotyping where such hybrids are prevalent, endemically and in blood centres worldwide. © 2020 The Authors. Vox Sanguinis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Blood Transfusion.INTRODUCTION Direct observation of everyday task performance is considered the most accurate measure of independence for individuals with executive function impairments. However, few observation-based measures have been shown to have sound psychometric qualities and be clinically applicable. The objective of this study was to investigate the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Profile's structural validity using exploratory factor analyses and internal consistency in order to identify the minimum set of tasks required to achieve reliable scores in each of three ADL environments (personal, home and community). METHODS Ninety-one persons with a severe traumatic brain injury aged 16-40 years (convenience sample) were recruited from a university affiliated level 1 trauma hospital. The 17 observation-based tasks of the ADL Profile were administered by one of five occupational therapists, either in the hospital or in the subjects' home and community environments. This measure of independence considers goal formulationralia.PURPOSE Accurate identification of the prostatic urethra and bladder can help determine dosing and evaluate urinary toxicity during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in patients with localized prostate cancer. However, it is challenging to locate the prostatic urethra in planning CT (pCT). In the present study, we developed a multi-atlas-based auto-segmentation method for prostatic urethra identification using deformable image registration accuracy prediction with machine learning (ML) and assessed its feasibility. METHODS We examined 120 patients with prostate cancer treated with IMRT. All patients underwent temporary urinary catheter placement for identification and contouring of the prostatic urethra in pCT images (ground truth). Our method comprises the following three steps (1) select four atlas datasets from the atlas datasets using the deformable image registration (DIR) accuracy prediction model, (2) deform them by structure-based DIR, (3) and propagate urethra contour using displaaterman et al., p less then 0.001); our proposed method showed the highest accuracy. In segmented CLD, CLD in the top 1/3 segment was highly improved from that of Waterman et.al. and was slightly improved from that of Acosta et.al., with results of 2.49 ± 1.78 mm (our proposed method), 2.95 ± 1.75 mm (Acosta et al., p = 0.42), and 5.76 ± 3.09 mm (Waterman et al., p less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We developed a DIR accuracy prediction model-based multi-atlas-based auto-segmentation method for prostatic urethra identification. Our method identified prostatic urethra with mean error of 2.09 mm, likely due to combined effects of SVR model employment in patient selection, modified atlas dataset characteristics and DIR algorithm. Our method has potential utility in prostate cancer IMRT and can replace use of temporary indwelling urinary catheters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Hibernomas are rare benign tumors of brown fat (adipose tissue) that have been reported in several different species. The cytologic characterization of these tumors has not been described in dogs. In this case report, we describe two dogs with hibernomas, focusing on the cytologic appearance of these unique neoplasms. Both cytologic specimens were highly cellular and predominated by vacuolated neoplastic cells with no evidence of concurrent inflammation. The cells contained a moderate to large number of variably sized cytoplasmic vacuoles, with occasional, irregularly shaped pink granular material. Most cells contained a single nucleus; however, cells displayed moderate anisokaryosis. A biopsy with histologic examination was performed in both cases, confirming the cytologic suspicion of hibernoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both tumors were positive for UCP1 and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin. Hibernoma is an important differential diagnosis in dogs with conjunctival and periocular swellings that exfoliate numerous, mildly atypical, vacuolated cells.