Hustedmalling1707

We report on occurrence and correlates of self-reported research misconduct (RM) by 100 Kenyan researchers who had received ethics approval for an HIV research in the 5 years preceding the survey. The survey used the Scientific Misconduct Questionnaire - Revised tool uploaded on a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCAP) platform. The response rate was a low 17.3% (100 out of 577) with 53.9% reporting awareness of an incident of research misconduct in the preceding 5 years. Awareness was associated with being in academia, perception of vulnerability to being caught and the severity of possible punishment, if discovered. Two thirds (68.3%) reported ever-involvement in any misconduct. Self-report of involvement in misconduct was associated with knowledge of rules and procedures on RM and a disposition to support such rules and regulations. Nearly 36% reported ever-involvement in falsification, fabrication and or plagiarism (FFP). Self report of ever involvement in FFP was associated with number of years in the academic position, perceived likelihood of being caught and the perceived severity of the sanctions, if caught. We conclude that occurrence of RM is not uncommon and efforts to create awareness about RM as well as to establish institutional structures and policies on RM are needed.Objective This study examined characteristics of online-only friendships among suicidal and non-suicidal adolescents. In addition, the extent to which adolescents' online-only friendships may offer a protective function, buffering the effects of peer stressors (i.e., friendship stress, relational victimization) on prospective suicidal ideation, was examined.Method Adolescents aged 10 to 14 (n = 630) were assessed at baseline (Time 1) and one-year follow-up (Time 2). Measures of suicidal ideation, sociometric relational victimization, friendship stress, depressive symptoms, online-only friendship status and quality, and online-only friendship quality compared to in-person friendship quality, were obtained at Time 1 using sociometric procedures and self-report questionnaires. Self-report measures of suicidal ideation were collected at Time 2.Results Descriptive results suggested that online-only friendships are relatively common among youth (38.3%), particularly for those experiencing suicidal ideation (46.3%). Suicidal and non-suicidal adolescents reported comparable levels of intimate disclosure within their online-only friendships. Although adolescents without suicidal ideation endorsed more support from in-person friendships, suicidal adolescents endorsed similar levels of support from their online-only and in-person friendships. Moderation analyses indicated that the association between both relational victimization and friendship stress and prospective suicidal ideation was attenuated among youth who reported having one or more online-only friend.Conclusion Online-only friendships are common and may offer protective benefits for youth, particularly those experiencing suicidal ideation. Future studies should examine the specific mechanisms by which online-only friendships may confer this benefit.BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management using self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) does not normalise pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct an observational study to explore if Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) could identify elevated glucose levels not apparent in women with GDM managed using SMBG. STUDY DESIGN A 7-day masked-CGM (iPro, Medtronic) was performed within 2 weeks of GDM diagnosis, immediately post-GDM education but prior to insulin commencement as determined by SMBG. CGM data regarding hyperglycemia (sensor glucose >126 mg/dL [0600-0000hrs] and > 99 mg/dL [0000-0600hrs] for >10% of time), time with healthcare professionals (HCP), treatment, and pregnancy outcome were collected. Comparisons (Mann-Whitney test) were performed between subjects subsequently commenced on insulin versus those continued with diet and lifestyle measures alone. RESULTS Ninety women of Mean (SD) gestational age weeks 27(1) were studied. Those prescribed insulin (n=34) compared with those managed with diet and lifestyle alone (n=56) had a greater time in hyperglycemia (p=0.0001). Of those not prescribed insulin, 35/56 (61%) breached CGM cut-offs between 0000-0600hrs; 11/56 (20%) breached 6.00-00.00hrs CGM cut-offs for >10% of the time; and 21/45 (47%) with optimal CGM glucose levels during the daytime spent >10% time in hyperglycaemia between 00.00-0600 hrs. In contrast, SMBG measurements exceeded the clinical targets of less then 120mg/dL post-dinner in 5.4% and less then 100mg/dL fasting in 0% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS CGM provides a more comprehensive assessment of nocturnal hyperglycemia than SMBG and could improve targeting of interventions in GDM. Larger studies to better define CGM targets are required which once established will inform studies aimed at targeting nocturnal glucose levels.BACKGROUND Patient participation in treatment and care is often encouraged and is desirable because of its proven positive impact on treatment, quality of care and patient safety. AIMS To develop an instrument to measure patient participation in health care and to investigate the measurement properties of the Patient Participation Questionnaire (PPQ). METHODS A literature review was conducted to develop a model of patient participation. The PPQ was constructed consisting of 17 items organized into four subscales. Psychometric evaluation of factor structure, convergent construct validity by hypothesis testing and analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha were performed on data from a hospitalised mixed group of patients with cardiac disease, pulmonary disease and cancer (N=378 patients). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis did not show a clear model fit, which is why an exploratory factor analysis was performed, suggesting a different four subscale structure consisting of a total of 16 items. The four subscales were labelled Shared decision power, Adapted and individualized knowledge, Collaboration and Human approach. Imatinib There were strong ceiling effects on all items. Analysis of convergent construct validity showed a moderate correlation (0.59) between the PPQ and another instrument measuring patient participation. Internal consistency for the total PPQ score was high 0.89. CONCLUSION In a mixed group of patients with cardiac disease, pulmonary disease and cancer, the PPQ showed promising psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, convergent construct validity and internal consistency. The PPQ may be used to shed light on the experience of patient participation and guide quality improvements.