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ccination.

With a potential budget impact of $2,509,427, the introduction of malaria vaccine for children under 5 years by Global Fund in Rwanda may be affordable when compared to the amount spent on treating children with malaria. Given that Malaria causes more harm than most parasitic diseases and disproportionally affects low-income populations, it is ethical to deploy all measures to control or eliminate Malaria, including vaccination.

Structured workplace training supports pharmacists in achieving individual career goals as well as health services to meet workforce development goals. Hospital pharmacy residency programs offer structured training pathways for early career pharmacists. Marimastat A residency program was introduced in Australia, modelled on formal programs already established in other countries.

This qualitative study explored key stakeholders' expectations and early experiences with the implementation of a pharmacy residency program using an analytical framework derived from implementation science.

Three focus groups and seven semi-structured interviews were conducted over a 24-months period with pharmacy managers, senior pharmacists and resident and non-resident pharmacists from different Australian State and hospital settings. They were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed via thematic analysis using Diffusion of Innovation Theory as a categorising framework.

Thirty stakeholders participated in f Findings from this study and consideration of theory can inform the diffusion and ongoing maintenance of pharmacy workplace training and education programs.

The implementation and diffusion of the pharmacy residency program can be interpreted by referring to key principles of Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Findings from this study and consideration of theory can inform the diffusion and ongoing maintenance of pharmacy workplace training and education programs.

Patients receiving palliative care often have existing comorbidities necessitating the prescribing of multiple medications. To maximize quality of life in this patient cohort, it is important to tailor prescribing of medication for preventing and treating existing illnesses and those for controlling symptoms, such as pain, according to individual specific needs.

To provide an overview of peer-reviewed observational research on prescribing practices, patterns, and potential harms in patients receiving palliative care.

A systematic scoping review was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science). Each database was searched from inception to May 2020. Search terms included 'palliative care,' 'end of life,' and 'prescribing.' Eligible studies had to examine prescribing for adults (≥18 years) receiving palliative care in any setting as a study aim or outcome. Studies focusing on single medication types (e.g., opioids), medication classes (e.g., chemotherapy), or clinical on prescribing appropriateness using tools specifically developed to guide prescribing in palliative care and the potential for harm.

This scoping review provides a broad overview of existing research and shows that many patients receiving palliative care receive multiple medications closer to the time of death. Future research should focus in greater detail on prescribing appropriateness using tools specifically developed to guide prescribing in palliative care and the potential for harm.Background The increasing number of drug shortages (DSs) worldwide calls for more proactive solutions to prevent the negative impacts of DSs on patient care. Such solutions require in-depth knowledge about potential patient safety risks related to DSs, the processes of recognizing and managing DSs, the contextual setting in which DSs occur, and the actors involved. Objective The aim of the study is to use prospective risk assessment to identify patient safety risks in hospitals associated with the management of DSs among actors at national, regional and local level in Denmark. Methods Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) was employed in composition with elements from the Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) and the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). Potential risks related to DS management across three actor levels (national, regional and local) in the Danish healthcare system were described. Each actor level consisted of six participants that wanagement failure modes across actor levels provided an overview of interrelated failures. Potential solutions related to high risk failures were developed to ensure that actors ensure patient safety related to DS in healthcare.

African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes and have diabetes complications as compared to non-Hispanic Whites, but have lesser medication adherence and poorer self-management behaviors. Interventions to improve self-management behaviors may not be successful if psychosocial and interpersonal factors of African Americans are not addressed.

The study objective was to qualitatively explore perceptions of African Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) regarding self-management behaviors and understand the effect of psychosocial and interpersonal factors on behavior change.

Adults with T2DM who self-identified as African American/Black were selected from a cohort participating in a mixed-methods study in a midwestern state. The data collection and analysis were guided by the Integrated Theory of Behavior Change. Ten semi-structured, 60-min, theory-based interviews were conducted and content analysis was utilized to identify themes. Themes were then categorized based on theoretical domainste T2DM education and counseling.

There is an increase in the global prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While it has been proven that pharmacist interventions improve the health outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the economic impact of these initiatives is uncertain. Consequently, we aim to systematically review and synthesize the evidence surrounding the economic impact of pharmacist care in PLWHA.

PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, IPA via ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, and the CINAHL Plus databases were systematically searched. Original studies evaluating the economic effect of pharmacist-managed services for PLWHA were included in the review. The quality of the economic studies was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard (CHEERS) checklist.

A search of databases yielded 4206 citations, four of which met the eligibility criteria. Three studies were conducted in a hospital-based outpatient facility, while one study was conducted in a community pharmacy setting. The types of health outcomes in economic viability. However, future real world controlled, high-quality economic studies are required to determine the long-term cost-effectiveness of these services, given the pharmacist's growing role in the health care team managing PLWHA.Burnout is widespread across the healthcare industry. Physician burnout has been linked to significant decrements in personal wellness, patient satisfaction, patient outcomes, and organizational financial losses. Appropriately, burnout has been identified as an important issue for leaders in the field as it can lead to physician turnover and loss of talent. In this article, we address how burnout is related to followership. We assert that physicians can utilize effective followership to increase wellness not only for themselves, but also for their leaders and organizations.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been linked to a rise in loneliness. Loneliness is associated with sleep-related problems, which in turn can be a risk factor for various psychiatric disorders. However, it is unclear whether loneliness is linked to sleep-related problems during the pandemic. Here, we studied the association between loneliness and sleep-related problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

A total of 33,302 individuals who indicated they were employed were surveyed online. The survey responses of 27,036 participants were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Of those analyzed, 2,750 (10.2%) experienced feelings of loneliness. Further, sleep-related problems were significantly more common among those who felt lonely both in the short term (more than 3 days) and the long term (more than 3 months). The ORs were much weaker after adjusting for factors related to interpersonal connections, such as family and friendships, than after adjusting for factors related to socioeconomic status.

Loneliness may be a risk factor for sleep-related problems in the COVID-19 pandemic. Having connections with family and friends may have a moderating effect on the occurrence of sleep-related problems.

Loneliness may be a risk factor for sleep-related problems in the COVID-19 pandemic. Having connections with family and friends may have a moderating effect on the occurrence of sleep-related problems.

The advent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide. As of December 2021, there is inadequate data on the outcome of hospitalized patients suffering from COVID-19 in Africa. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with hospital mortality in patients who suffered from COVID-19 at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in Northern Uganda from March 2020 to October 2021.

This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study in patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in Northern Uganda. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, co-morbidities, duration of hospital stay, and treatments were analyzed, and factors associated with the odds of mortality were determined.

Of the 664 patients treated, 661 (99.5%) were unvaccinated, 632 (95.2%) recovered and 32 (4.8%) died. Mortality was highest in diabetics 11 (34.4%), cardiovascular diseases 12 (37.5%), hypertensives 10 (31.3%), females 18 (56.3%), ≥50-yems of the disease, and those admitted to HDU were significant risk factors associated with hospital mortality. More efforts should be made to provide "

" to the most vulnerable population to avoid preventable morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Northern Uganda.

The overall Gulu Regional Hospital mortality was 32/664 (4.8%). Older age, people with diabetics, females, other comorbidities, severe forms of the disease, and those admitted to HDU were significant risk factors associated with hospital mortality. More efforts should be made to provide "additional social protection" to the most vulnerable population to avoid preventable morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Northern Uganda.Outdoor physical activities can promote public health and they are largely influenced by the built environment in different urban settings. Understanding the association between outdoor physical activities and the built environment is important for promoting a high quality of life. Existing studies typically focus on one type of outdoor activity using interview-based small samples and are often lack of systematic understanding of the activities' intensity and frequency. In this study, we intend to gain deeper insight into how the built environment influences physical activities using the data extracted from individual's wearables and other open data sources for integrated analysis. Multi-linear regression with logarithm transformation is applied to perform the analysis using the data from Changsha, China. We found that built environment impacts on outdoor physical activities in Changsha are not always consistent with similar studies' results in other cities. The most effective measures to promote outdoor physical activities are the provision of good arterial and secondary road networks, community parks, among others in Changsha.