Downeygodfrey8383

Complex organic substrates represent an important and relevant feedstock for producing hydrogen by Dark Fermentation (DF). Usually, an external microbial inoculum originated from various natural environments is added to seed the DF reactors. However, H2 yields are significantly impacted by the inoculum origin and the storage conditions as microbial community composition can fluctuate. This study aims to determine how the type and time of inoculum storage can impact the DF performances. Biochemical Hydrogen Potential tests were carried out using three substrates (glucose, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, and food waste), inocula of three different origins, different storage conditions (freezing or freeze-drying) and duration. As a result, H2 production from glucose with the differently stored inocula was significantly impacted (positively or negatively) and was inoculum-origin-dependent. For complex substrates, hydrogen yields with the stored inocula were not statistically different from the fresh inocula, offering the possibility to store an inoculum.Herein, La(OH)3 decorated magnetic porous biochar (MPBC) was synthesized via KHCO3 activation and hydrothermal processes. VX-809 solubility dmso The La-to-MPBC mass ratio of 31 described as La3-MPBC possessed a monolayer phosphate adsorption capacity of 116.08 mg/g across a pH range of 3.0-6.0 with fast attainment of adsorption equilibrium in 150 min. Moreover, the phosphate adsorption was substantially stable during the interference of various co-existing ions with over 92% of phosphate removal and 77% of desorption efficiency maintained after four recycles. And La3-MPBC was easily separated by magnet force with negligible La and Fe leakages within the pH range of 3.0-10.0. Furthermore, La3-MPBC was supported to achieve phosphate binding through the synergistic actions of electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, inner-sphere complexation and weak precipitation. Significantly, La3-MPBC exhibited a high performance for decontaminating low-concentration phosphate to meet regulatory requirements. All these results suggested La3-MPBC to be an ideal candidate for phosphate removal in real applications.Herein, we report bi-functional applications of a novel immobilized enzyme on the modified magnetic graphene oxide (GO) for effective removal of dyes from water. The amine functionalized GO nano-carrier was covalently attached to a model enzyme (PersiManXyn1). The enzyme assays showed that the specific activities of the free and immobilized enzyme were 856.05 and 1141.1 µmolmin-1mg-1, respectively. While the free enzyme showed only 5% of its maximum activity, the immobilized PersiManXyn1 preserved more than 35% of its activity, at 90 °C. After four weeks storage, the free enzyme has been deactivated, but the immobilized enzyme retained 54% of its initial activity. The immobilized PersiManXyn1 was proficiently applied for dye removal from water using two strategies. While only pristine nano-carrier and free enzyme showed no considerable catalytic ability, the immobilized PersiManXyn1 could catalytically reduce the concentrated dye solutions within 150 s with superior reusability (94% dye removal after 15th cycle). Proficient treatment of a real textile effluent by the immobilized PersiManXyn1 approved its practical applications in the water remediation.Enzymatic digestibility of an acid-pretreated poplar (AP, 42.9%) was superior to that of a similarly acid-pretreated larch (AL, 12.5%). Effects of lignin-related recalcitrance on enzymatic hydrolysis were comprehensively investigated by disrupting the two predominant lignin fractions present in acid-pretreated material (extractable lignin and bulk lignin). Lignin removal and bovine serum albumin (BSA) addition were performed to estimate the relative contributions of lignin towards physical blocking and enzyme binding on enzymatic hydrolysis. The lignin physical blocking played a more significant role in limiting the enzymatic hydrolysis of AL. BSA addition improved enzymatic hydrolysis of AP more significantly than AL. Moreover, the effects of lignin embedded in the lignocellulosic matrix on enzyme non-productive binding were compared with the isolated lignin. It indicated that the lignin distribution would influence the lignin effects on enzyme non-productive binding during enzymatic hydrolysis. Results will give insights towards improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis on acid-pretreated woody biomass.In this research, the use of four different types of surfactants on biomass harvesting and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extrusion of Chlorella sorokiniana sp was investigated. The synergy between cationic surfactants and pH was tested to improve flocculation efficiency through the combined mechanism of charge neutralization, bridging and sweeping. Zeta potential and microscopic images were used to gain mechanistic understanding. The harvesting efficacy correlated positively with the biomass zeta potential and the surfactants alkyl-chain length; i.e., CTAB (88%) > DTAB (66%) > triton X-100 (41%) > SDS (11%). When the pH increased from 8 to 12, the harvesting efficiency was improved 12% and 39% for CTAB and DTAB, respectively. More interestingly, pH adjustment dramatically reduced the optimal dosages of CTAB and DTAB from 400 to 50 and 1000 to 300 mg/L, respectively. All selected surfactants could successfully release high value components of EPS such as protein and polysaccharide.This study was performed to understand the dynamics of the microbial community of submerged membrane bioreactor during the acclimatization process to treat the hospital wastewater. In this regard, three acclimatization phases were examined using a mixture of synthetic wastewater (SWW) and real hospital wastewater (HWW) in the following proportions; In Phase 1 7525 v/v (SWW HWW); Phase 2 5050 v/v (SWW HWW); and Phase 3 2575 v/v (SWW HWW) of wastewater. The microbial community was analyzed using Illumina high throughput sequencing to identify the bacterial and micro-eukaryotes community in SMBR. The acclimatization study clearly demonstrated that shift in microbial community composition with time. The dominance of pathogenic and degrading bacterial communities such as Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Zoogloea was observed at the phase 3 of acclimatization. This study witnessed the major shift in the micro-eukaryotes community, and the proliferation of fungi Basidiomycota was observed in phase 3 of acclimatization.