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Senior staff did not necessarily expect newly qualified nurses to remain in long-term hospice employment suggesting they could disseminate their hospice learning to future workplaces. CONCLUSION This study supports recruitment strategies that increasingly target newly qualified nurses to work in hospices with findings suggesting that hospices can be a suitable environment for recent graduates to work in. The senior nurses in this study viewed the employment of newly qualified nurses in a positive light but shared the concerns of newly qualified nurses regarding skills training. IMPACT At a time when hospices need to expand if they are going to meet demand for their services, they along with most areas of healthcare face difficulties recruiting and retaining registered nurses. To increase the appeal of hospice employment, recruitment campaigns aimed at newly qualified nurses should emphasise the transferability of skills gained in hospice settings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The current study evaluates the effect of both aqueous and alkaline extraction methods on the physicochemical, structural, functional, and antioxidant properties of dietary fibers (DF) from male date palm flowers (MDPF). The DF extracted by the alkali treatment (ADF) display a higher DF content as well as lower protein and lipid content than the DF resulting from watery extraction (WDF). The scanning electron microscopy, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the X-ray diffraction show that the alkaline treatment contributes to a slight modification of the structural characteristics of ADF leading to better purity and functional properties. The oil holding capacity and the antioxidant activity of ADF have improved compared to the WDF, which makes this concentrate a promoting functional ingredient and a natural antioxidant. Therefore, these findings confirm the wealth of both concentrates in DF, especially ADF, as well as their potential of functional and antioxidant properties, which emphasize theiraste in agricultural processing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) plays a pivotal role in the establishment and persistence of HBV infection. Understanding the turnover time of preexisting cccDNA pools would be helpful in designing new strategies to clear HBV by fully blocking the de novo generation of cccDNA. In this study, we retrospectively monitored the emergence and reversion of the rtM204I/V mutant, a signature lamivudine resistance (LAMR ) mutation serving as a biomarker of cccDNA turnover in liver biopsies and longitudinal serum samples from two clinical trials. Methodologies were optimized to differentially isolate and sequence HBV virion DNA, cccDNA, and HBV RNA from clinical samples. A strong correlation was observed between LAMR composition of cccDNA with that of serum and intrahepatic HBV RNA in paired liver and serum samples (r=0.96 and 0.90 respectively), suggesting that serum HBV RNA can serve as a surrogate marker of cccDNA genetic composition when liver biopsies are unavailable. LAMR mutations emerged and increased from undetectable to 40%~90% within 16-28 weeks in serum HBV RNA from telbivudine-treated patients experiencing virologic breakthrough. Similarly, in lamivudine-resistant patients who switched to interferon therapy, serum HBV RNA population bearing 100% LAMR mutations fully reversed back to wild type within 24~48 weeks. Conclusion The genetic composition dynamics of serum HBV RNA and biopsy cccDNA in treated HBV patients indicates that cccDNA turnover occurs relatively rapidly (several months), offering a possibility of HBV cure with finite therapy through completely blocking cccDNA replenishment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) was proposed as a new clinical entity characterized by tissue infiltration with IgG4-positive plasma cells and elevated serum IgG4 levels in patients with sclerosing pancreatitis.1 Here, we presented a rare case of IgG4-RD complicated with Kimura disease-like skin eruption, RA-like abnormality and interstitial pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Although individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to behave repetitively, certain reinforcement contingencies (e.g., lag schedules) can be used to increase behavioral variability. In a lag schedule, reinforcers only follow responses that differ from recent responses. The present study was designed to promote variable play behavior in preschoolers with ASD interacting with playsets and figurines and to assess preference for variability and repetition contingencies. Data have shown a preference for variability in pigeons and college students, but this effect has not been explored in clinical populations. In this experiment, preschoolers with ASD were taught to discriminate between variability and repetition contingencies. Only play behaviors that met a lag schedule were reinforced in the presence of one color, and only repetitive behaviors were reinforced in the presence of another. After differential performance was established, participants experienced a concurrent chains schedule. Participants chose between the colors taught in training and then completed a play session with the selected contingency. One participant selected variability and repetition equally. The other participants showed a slight preference for variability. These results indicate that some individuals with ASD may play repetitively, not because they prefer repetition, but because they require additional teaching to play variably. © 2020 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.BACKGROUND In 2010, a Japanese trial of nonoperative management for papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTmC) was published. This study determines if the prevalence of nonoperative management in the United States has changed and if there are predictors of this approach. METHODS Patients treated for PTmC between 2004 and 2015 in the National Cancer Data Base were identified. learn more Inclusion criteria were classic or follicular variant papillary cancer histology, tumor size 1 to 10 mm, cN0 disease and no extrathyroidal extension or metastatic disease. Nonoperative management was assessed over time and compared between 2004-2010 and 2010-2015. Logistic regression identified factors associated with nonoperative management. RESULTS Of 65 381 PTmC patients, 344 (0.5%) were treated nonoperatively. The annual rate of nonoperative management was similar at 0.6% in 2004 to 0.4% in 2010 (P = .755) but increased to 0.9% in 2015 (P  less then  .001). There was no difference in patient age, race, comorbidities, or reason for nonoperative management between the two periods.