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After years in preparation, we are pleased to introduce this special issue of Evaluation and Program Planning that focuses on evaluator education, a topic that we believe is of considerable importance to the field's future. Before describing the issue's content, let us ground the articles in two ways by examining the larger context within which evaluator education finds itself, and by briefly explaining who we are and describing how the issue came into being.This 2020 Presidential Address was given at the American Pediatric Surgical Association 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting, May 20-22, 2021.
The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is an internationally widely used outcome measure of foot and ankle disorders available in several languages. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a FAAM Spanish-version with 29 items of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and SPORT subscales in rehabilitation setting.
A two-stage observational study was conducted. The FAAM was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through a double-forward translation and a double-backward translation; the psychometric properties were then validated. The participants (n = 147), with various chronic foot and ankle disorders, completed the Spanish version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure ADL and SPORT, SF-36, and a pain intensity visual analogue scale (Pain VAS). The full sample was used to determine the factor structure, the internal consistency, and the convergent criterion validity, and a subgroup (n = 46) was used to determine the reliability at 48-72 h.
The factor structure of Spanish version of FAAM ADL and SPORT subscales were both one-dimensional, demonstrating high internal consistency (α = 0.97 and α = 0.93, respectively). The reliability values were ICC = 0.90 and ICC = 0.76, respectively. The convergent validity criterion of Spanish version of FAAM with the Pain VAS (r = 0.50) and Physical Function of SF-36 (r = 0.64) were moderately correlated.
The Spanish version of FAAM with 29 items are a valid foot and ankle disorder outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the original version and versions in other languages.
The Spanish version of FAAM with 29 items are a valid foot and ankle disorder outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the original version and versions in other languages.
The marginal and internal adaptation of a fixed dental prosthesis depends on a variety of factors, finish line designs being one of them. A clear consensus as to which finish line design can provide a better marginal and internal adaptation with respect to cobalt-chromium metal alloy copings fabricated by using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology is lacking.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of different finish line preparations on the marginal and internal adaptation of cobalt-chromium metal alloy copings fabricated by using CAD-CAM technology.
Electronic (PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar) and manual searches were conducted for articles published from January 2010 to December 2020 to identify relevant studies evaluating the effect of different finish line preparations (chamfer, deep chamfer, shoulder, rounded shoulder) on the marginal and internal adaptation of cobalt-chromium metal alloy copings fabsoft milling and direct metal laser sintering methods, whereas shoulder finish line showed better results with hard milling.
An overall better marginal and internal adaptation was observed with shoulder and rounded shoulder finish line designs when CAD-CAM methods were used for coping fabrication. Marginal and internal adaptation in chamfer and deep chamfer finish line designs showed better results with soft milling and direct metal laser sintering methods, whereas shoulder finish line showed better results with hard milling.
How multiple firing cycles may affect the oxide layer and, consequently, the shear bond strength of metal-ceramic restorations is unclear.
The purpose of this invitro study was to determine the effect of multiple firings on the shear bond strength of porcelain to cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy.
Forty cylinders (Ø6.8×9 mm) of a representative presintered Co-Cr alloy (Ceramill Sintron) were prepared with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology. After airborne-particle abrasion and polishing, the specimens were ultrasonically cleaned of surface contaminants. A circular surface (Ø4×2 mm) was veneered on each specimen with porcelain (VM13) after 3 firings (wash opaque, opaque, and dentin). The specimens were then randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). The normal group underwent 3 firings. The other groups underwent an additional porcelain firing the one-plus firing group underwent 4 firings, the two-plus firing group underwent 5 firings, and the three-plus firing group undeintered Co-Cr alloy.
Multiple porcelain firings under controlled conditions had no significant effect on the fracture pattern or shear bond strength of porcelain to a presintered Co-Cr alloy.In this paper, an adaptive interaction torque-based assist-as-needed (AITAAN) control method for the lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton is proposed. Firstly, a desired input torque for the wearer's lower limb is designed based on computed torque control (CTC). A nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is used to assess the lower limb muscle torque. Subtract the estimated muscle torque from the desired input torque, the exoskeleton only provides the remaining torque through interaction torque. Then, the interaction torque tracking problem can be converted to the exoskeleton trajectory tracking problem by using the spring-damper like dynamics model of the interaction force. A flexible boundary prescribed performance controller (PPC) is designed for the exoskeleton to achieve fast and accurate trajectory tracking. The coupled wearer-exoskeleton system is established in SolidWorks and imported to MATLAB/Simulink with SimMechanics. The AITAAN controller's effectiveness and superiority were then verified through co-simulations.This study addresses leader-follower controllability of signed multi-agent networks with fixed and switching interactions (topologies), respectively, where weighted edges between agents may be positive or negative. In other words, there exist cooperative interactions (corresponding to positive edges) and antagonistic interactions (corresponding to negative edges) between agents in the multi-agent networks depicted by signed graphs. The goal of this study is to find the criteria of controllability for signed multi-agent networks, that is, how exactly do cooperation and antagonism affect controllability? It is proven that the followers of multi-agent networks under structurally balanced conditions can be controlled to the desired states if the leaders are chosen from the same partitioned subset. In addition, a signed multi-agent network with simultaneously structurally balanced conditions can be switching controllable even though each subsystem is uncontrollable. The leaders' selection is also discussed.Hidradenitis suppurativa is considered to be a T helper 17-mediated inflammatory disorder. However, the role of prominent B-cell and plasma cell infiltrates has not been incorporated into pathogenic understanding of the disease. JAK inhibitor In their new article in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Carmona-Rivera et al. (2021) present new insights regarding autoantibody-mediated macrophage activation, which bridges the link between the innate and adaptive immune responses in severe hidradenitis suppurativa.
To review outcomes of male patients attending the breast unit, evaluate effectiveness of imaging and examination in detecting breast cancer and review adherence to guidelines for male breast imaging.
A retrospective review was undertaken of male patients attending Cambridge Breast Unit from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Patient electronic records and imaging were reviewed to establish demographics, clinical findings, imaging, biopsy, and pathology outcomes.
Of 1,362 male patients attending the breast unit, 1,028 (75%) had imaging performed. Biopsy was performed in 41 men (3%), with 14 cancers diagnosed (1%). Clinical examination showed 42.7% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 54.6% positive predictive value (PPV) and 99.4% negative predictive value (NPV) for detection of cancer. Mammogram demonstrated 84.6% sensitivity, 99.4% specificity, 69.8% PPV, and 99.8% NPV for detection of malignancy. Ultrasound demonstrated 78.6% sensitivity, 98.9% specificity, 73.3% PPV and 99.2% NPV for detection of cancer. Forty-one percent of patients <40 years and 51%<50 years were imaged, who according to local and Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) guidelines did not require imaging based on age and clinical score.
Male patients account for a small proportion of referrals to the breast unit but generate significant workload. Imaging protocols, incorporating clinical score and age cut-off at 40 years remains robust for detecting malignancy. Clinician awareness of the imaging protocol, and close liaison with radiologists is essential to minimise additional radiology workload.
Male patients account for a small proportion of referrals to the breast unit but generate significant workload. Imaging protocols, incorporating clinical score and age cut-off at 40 years remains robust for detecting malignancy. Clinician awareness of the imaging protocol, and close liaison with radiologists is essential to minimise additional radiology workload.
To examine racial and ethnic disparities in clinical, financial, and mental health outcomes within a diverse sample of hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients in the 60days postdischarge.
A cross-sectional study.
A total of 2217 adult patients who were hospitalized with a COVID-19-positive diagnosis as evidenced by test (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), a discharge diagnosis of COVID-19 (ICD-10 code U07.1), or strong documented clinical suspicion of COVID-19 but no testing completed or recorded owing to logistical constraints (n=24).
Patient records were abstracted for the Mi-COVID19 data registry, including the hospital and insurer data of patients discharged from one of 38 participating hospitals in Michigan between March 16, 2020, and July 1, 2020. Registry data also included patient responses to a brief telephone survey on postdischarge employment, mental and emotional health, persistence of COVID-19-related symptoms, and medical follow-up. Descriptive statistics were used to summtcomes following a COVID-19-related hospitalization.Chronic heel pain is a challenging diagnosis and although it is a common and disabling condition frequently mistreated. Baxter Nerve (BN) entrapment is responsible for 20% of heel pain and can be managed by an ultrasound guide nerve block, a simple, safe, and durable technique. A 67-year-old woman complained of paraesthesia on the left heel and a "stepping on glass" feeling. Various techniques were performed to manage her symptoms without any results. An ultrasound BN block was finally performed with an instant relief and satisfactory pain control for the follow-up period of six months. This clinical report highlights the success of the ultrasound BN block as an effective and lasting solution for chronic heel pain.
