Wilkinsalbrechtsen5815

BACKGROUND Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is particularly suitable for the study of skin aging because it provides nearly histologic information in vivo and non-invasively. However, there are no studies that evaluated RCM skin features of a large population older than 70 years. OBJECTIVES The aim of our investigation was to study age-related skin changes of an elderly population by RCM and to evaluate their topographical and gender differences. METHODS We obtained RCM images of photoprotected (volar arm) and chronic (face) and intermittently photoexposed (dorsal forearm) body sites of 209 volunteers (105 women and 104 men, mean age 77.5, range 74-81 years). 15 previously reported and new RCM parameters related to skin aging were assessed. RESULTS Photoexposed sites had thicker suprapapillary epidermis, more linear, distant and thin furrows, higher presence of mottled pigmentation, polycyclic papillae and coarse and huddled collagen and lower presence of dermal papillae than the photoprotected site. Irregular honeycomb pattern was not higher in photoexposed sites, indicating that it is probably more dependent on intrinsic aging. Two aging scores defined for facial skin aging (epidermal disarray score and epidermal hyperplasia score) were found useful for the identification of photoaging. Gender differences only concerned some RCM parameters (i.e. thickness of different layers of the epidermis, furrows and collagen score) and some body sites, in line with the fact that women and men of our cohort had no major differences in clinically visible skin aging. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that RCM is a powerful noninvasive technique to microscopically quantify aging signs and our observations contribute to highlight the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic ageing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Primary (or secondary) metabolites are produced by animals, plants or microbial cell systems either intracellularly or extracellularly. Production capabilities of microbial cell systems for many types of primary metabolites have been exploited at a commercial scale. But the high production cost of metabolites is a big challenge for most of the bioprocess industries and commercial production needs to be achieved. This issue can be solved to some extent by screening and developing the engineered microbial systems via reconstruction of the genome-scale metabolic model. The predicted genetic modification is applied for an increased flux in biosynthesis pathways towards the desired product. Wherein the resulting microbial strain is capable of converting a large amount of carbon substrate to the expected product with minimum byproduct formation in the optimal operating conditions. Selleckchem NMS-873 Metabolic engineering efforts have also resulted in significant improvement of metabolite yields, depending on the nature of the products, microbial cell factory modification and the types of substrate used. The objective of this review is to comprehend the state of art for the production of various primary metabolites by microbial strains system, focusing on the selection of efficient strain and genetic or pathway modifications, applied during strain engineering. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.High body mass index is causally associated with most cardiovascular diseases but not stroke. Body mass index is determined by the content of both fat mass and fat-free mass, which may have opposite effects on cardiometabolic diseases. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study that utilized 82 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fat mass or fat-free mass index revealed that fat mass index but not fat-free mass index was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among 367 703 UK Biobank participants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Photodynamic therapy is a promising alternative treatment for different types of cancer due to its high selectivity, which prevents healthy tissues from being damaged. The use of nanomaterials in photodynamic therapy has several advantages over classical photosensitizing agents, due to their unique properties and their ability to be functionalized. Especially interesting is the use of metallic nanoparticles, capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to either transfer this energy to oxygen molecules for the generation of ROS or dissipate it as heat. Although previous reports have demonstrated the capacity of Rh derivatives as anti-tumour drugs, there are no studies on the potential of small-sized Rh nanoparticles as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. In this study, 5 nm Rh nanoparticles has been synthesized and their potential in photodynamic therapy has been evaluated. The results have shown that treatment with Rh nanoparticles followed by NIR irradiation induces apoptosis in cancer cells through a p53-independent mechanism. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Twenty percent of kidneys recovered for transplantation are discarded. The most common reason for not transplanting these kidneys is to organ quality and biopsy findings. Yet organ quality measures are not associated with discard rates and kidneys with poorer quality measures lead to greater life span for the recipient compared to staying on dialysis. Biopsy findings are not correlated with graft survival in most cases. The risk aversion of transplant centers from using "high-risk" kidneys can be, in part at least, attributed to negative consequences of poor graft survival with possible program sanctions or possible loss of insurance contracts. CMS has taken a first step by eliminating short-term graft survival as a performance measure for transplant centers. Many of the discarded kidneys will provided good results if transplanted and would recognize that patients value getting a transplant above graft survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading quickly across the world, until a pandemic condition was announced by the WHO on March. Many clinical manifestations of this virus are described and new symptoms are emerging particularly outside respiratory sphere, such as anosmia and ageusia which are recent ORL published symptoms. About skin manifestation, few cases of rashes on patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 were described in two Chineses cohorts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.