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The impact of the interrelationship between depression and cognitive impairment on risk of falls remains unclear. In addition, gender differences should be considered to further understand the relationships between depression, cognitive impairment, and risk of falls.

Older adults who completed the Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Korea were included. In total, 14,055 participants completed the baseline survey, and 7,150 participants completed a follow-up survey after 3 years. We classified participants into 4 groups based on depression and cognitive impairment.

Using generalized estimating equation models, older adults with depression but without cognitive impairment had a higher risk of falls (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.35-1.63), compared to a reference group with neither depression nor cognitive impairment. However, older adults who had cognitive impairment but not depression had a similar risk of falls (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.91-1.16) to the reference group. Finally, older adults who had both depression and cognitive impairment had the highest risk of falls (OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.73-2.20) compared to the reference group. In addition, depression seemed to have a bigger effect on the risk of falls in men compared to women (p for interaction < 0.001).

These results should be interpreted with caution, considering the use of screening tool for defining depression or cognitive impairment, and lack of information on psychotropic medication use.

Depression alone or depression combined with cognitive impairment was associated with higher risk of falls in older adults. In addition, gender differences in the risk of falls was noted.

Depression alone or depression combined with cognitive impairment was associated with higher risk of falls in older adults. In addition, gender differences in the risk of falls was noted.A rapid, cost effective, simple and reliable method was developed for the determination of Tianeptine (TIA) drug in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation. Cyclosporin A The fluorescence of Vilazodone was measured in isopropanol at room temperature. The method was optimized by measuring the factors that may affect the fluorescence intensity such as pH, diluting solvent, temperature and mixing time. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, range, LOD and LOQ. The concentration range was found to be linear in the range of 10-100 ng/ml. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be very small (1.86, 5.62 ng/mL. The % RSD and the % R were found within the acceptable range. Unlike the HPLC procedures, the proposed method for TIA determination has many advantages over the reported analytical methods represented in its rapidity, lower cost and environmental safety as the instrument is simple with low operating cost.Gold nanosurfaces are widely applied to the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of the biological systems. The surface modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is often required when the analytes do not efficiently adsorb on the surface. In this paper, an aggregation of AuNPs with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was introduced for the efficient surface adsorption and strong SERS enhancement for a number of hydroxyanthraquinones (HAQs). The SERS of HAQs including 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (alizarin) were strongly enhanced with CTAB-modified AuNPs and deprotonation of alizarin was clearly observed upon the pH change. The CTAB-modified AuNPs are regarded as efficient SERS substrates for many biological molecules with weak surface adsorption.Recently, in the research of Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, it is found that the preparation of enhanced substrate is particularly important. In this work, the most commonly used methods were used to synthesize AgNPs and MIL-101(Fe), and AgNPs/MIL-101(Fe) nanocomposite was obtained through self-assembly of the two substances. Four different probe molecules were detected with the self-assembled substrate and compared with the results of same probe molecules with AgNPs and MIL-101(Fe) as SERS substrate separately, it was found that AgNPs/ MIL-101 (Fe) nanocomposites had a strong enhancing effect as SERS substrate. The Enhancement Factor (EF) value of 10-6 mol/L Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was calculated as 2.09 × 109, and the Raman intensities of the peak relative standard deviation (RSD) of R6G Raman attribution was calculated as 7.55%. The time stability of the material was studied and it was found that the reduced Raman signal and poor reproducibility were due to the AgNPs placement time. AgNPs/ MIL-101 (Fe) nanocomposites were used as SERS substrate to detect Paraquat with a minimum concentration of 10-12 mol/L. The signal values of Paraquat Raman detected at 10-6 mol/L in different pH environments were relatively stable.Grafting functional polymer chains onto porous resins has been found to drastically increase both adsorption capacity and uptake rate in protein chromatography. In this work, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEM) was used for grafting onto Sepharose FF gel, and six anion-exchangers of different polyAEM (pAEM) chain lengths (ionic capacities, ICs), FF-pAEM, were obtained for protein adsorption and chromatography. It was found that protein adsorption capacity (qm) increased with increasing pAEM chain length, but the uptake rate, represented by the ratio of effective pore diffusivity to the free solution diffusivity (De/D0), showed an up-down trend, reaching a peak value (De/D0=0.55) at an IC of 313 mmol/L. Partial charge neutralization of the AEM-grafted resin of the highest IC (513 mmol/L) by reaction with sodium acetate produced three charge-reduced resins, FF-pAEM513-R. With reducing the charge density, the adsorption capacity kept unchanged and then decreased, but the uptake rate monotonically increased, reachingance of the AEM-based anion-exchangers.This work presents an evaluation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) SPME in combination with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) as an analytical approach for untargeted brain analysis. The study included a characterization of the metabolite coverage provided by C18, mixed-mode (MM, with benzene sulfonic acid and C18 functionalities), and hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) particles as sorbents in SPME coatings after extraction from cow brain homogenate at static conditions. The effects of desorption solvent, extraction time, and chromatographic modes on the metabolite features detected were investigated. Method precision and absolute matrix effects were also assessed. Among the main findings of this work, it was observed that all three tested coating chemistries were able to provide comparable brain tissue information. HLB provided higher responses for polar metabolites; however, as these fibers were prepared in-house, higher inter-fiber relative standard deviations were also observed.