Klausenismail9373

Background Hemoptysis is an alarming and common symptom leading to thorough diagnostic evaluation with computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Increasing evidence suggests that bronchoscopy is not necessary in diagnosing lung cancer in hemoptysis patients because of high sensitivity of computed tomography. However, less attention has been paid to non-malignant etiologies of hemoptysis. Objective We aimed to identify the etiologies established in hemoptysis patients with no malignancy suspected on computed tomography in order to assess the necessity of bronchoscopy in these patients. Design We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of consecutive patients referred to evaluation for hemoptysis with no malignancy suspected on computed tomography at Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark, in an eleven-year period from 2006 to 2016. Results One thousand one hundred and eighty-five patients (mean age 57.5 ± 15.44 years, 61.3% male) were included in the study. Bronchoscopy was performed in 91.9% of cases. Most patients (83.5%) had cryptogenic hemoptysis, while the most frequently identified etiologies were respiratory tract infection (12.6%) and bronchiectasis (2.2%). No patients had malignant disease as their etiology. Conclusions The vast majority of hemoptysis cases with no malignancy suspected on computed tomography were cryptogenic and all were benign. Bronchoscopy may be reserved for patients with specific conditions suspected and those with persistent symptomatology. Trametinib © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Background Indoor dampness has consistently been associated with respiratory symptoms and exacerbations. The causal mechanisms may involve increased microbial exposures. However, the evidence regarding the influence of indoor microbial exposures under damp- and non-damp conditions on the risk of asthma and allergy has been inconclusive. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dampness and microbial exposure with allergy and respiratory health in Danish adults using a cross-sectional design. Methods From 1,866 participants of the Health2006 cohort, we selected three non-overlapping groups 196 at random, 107 with confirmed atopy, and 99 without atopy. Bedroom dust was sampled using electrostatic dust fall collectors and analysed for endotoxin, β-(1,3)-D-glucan, 19 microbial species or groups, and total fungal load. Household moisture-related problems and asthma were self-reported by questionnaire. Atopy was determined by skin-prick-testing and lung function was measured by spihor(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Background Dementia has become a growing health-care problem in the rapidly ageing Japanese population. This study assesses the impact of dementia on quality of life, economic burden, and productivity loss. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the impact of dementia on the Quality of Life (QoL), economic burden, and productivity loss among families living with dementia. Methods An online survey was conducted among families who lived with relatives with dementia. Demographic data and information about health condition and costs of long-term care and treatment were collected. Participants were asked to answer the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview (ZARIT-8), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI). Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with burden by families living with dementia. Results Six hundred and thirty-five participants completed the survey. Of these participants, 50.5% were primary caregivers. Overall, 78.7% of dementia patients suffered from Alzheimer, and 43.9% needed long-term care. Compared to non-primary caregivers, primary caregivers had lower health utility scores (0.896 vs 0.873; p = 0.02), higher burden of caregiving (ZARIT-8 21.1 vs 24.5; p less then  0.0001), and higher overall work impairment (40.2% vs 20.8%; p less then  0.0001), absenteeism (15.3% vs 5.7%; p less then  0.0001), and presenteeism-related impairment (33.2% vs 17.3%; p less then  0.0001). Conclusion Families living with dementia caring for a person with dementia experience increased burden. Health policies related to dementia need to be considered not only for patients, but also for their families living with dementia to improve their QoL. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.BackgroundCost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is the economic analysis method most commonly applied today in the context of replacing one treatment with a new one in a developed healthcare system to improve efficiency. CEA is often requested by local healthcare decision-makers to grant reimbursement. New preventative interventions, such as new vaccines, may however have much wider benefits inside and outside healthcare, when compared with treatment. These additional benefits include externalities on indirect clinical impact, reallocation of specific healthcare resources, improved quality of care, better productivity, better disease control, better fiscal revenues, and others. But these effects are sometimes difficult to integrate into a meaningful CEA result. They may appear as specific benefits for specific stakeholders, other than the stakeholders in healthcare. Objective Based on a historical view about the application of economic assessments for vaccines our objective has been to make the inventory of who wrefore to find the right combination among the three entities of stakeholder type selection, outcome measure of interest for each stakeholder, and the right method to apply. We present at the end examples that illustrate how successful this approach can be. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recently reported to play a more critical role in allergic diseases. We previously identified that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) elicited therapeutic effects on allergic airway inflammation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from MSCs possess striking advantages including low immunogenicity and high biosafety, and is extremely promising cell-free therapeutic agents. However, the effects of MSC-sEV on ILC2s are still unclear. Additionally, scalable isolation protocols are required for the mass production of homogenous MSC-sEV especially in clinical application. We previously reported that induced pluripotent stem cells-derived MSCs were the ideal cellular source for the large preparation of MSC-sEV. Here we developed a standardized scalable protocol of anion-exchange chromatography for isolation of MSC-sEV, and investigated the effects of MSC-sEV on ILC2 function from patients with allergic rhinitis and in a mouse ILC2-dominant asthma model. The characterization of MSC-sEV was successfully demonstrated in terms of size, morphology and specific markers.