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Introduction The opioid epidemic has been linked to several other health problems, but its impact on headache disorders has not been well studied. We performed a population-based study looking at the prevalence of opioid use in headache disorders and its impact on outcomes compared to non-abusers with headaches. Methodology We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (years 2008-2014) in adults hospitalized for primary headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache [TTH], and cluster headache [CH]) using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. We performed weighted analyses using the chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Multivariate survey logistic regression analysis with weighted algorithm modelling was performed to evaluate morbidity, disability, and discharge disposition. Among US hospitalizations during 2013-2014, regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds of havingjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48; 95% CI 1.39-1.59), severe disability (28.14% vs. 22.43%; aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.53-1.63), and discharge to non-home location (17.13% vs. 18.41%; aOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.30-1.40) as compared to non-abusers. US hospitalizations in years 2013-2014 showed the migraine (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.57-1.66), TTH (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.22-1.66), and CH (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.01-1.78) were linked with opioid abuse. Conclusion Through this study, we found that the prevalence of migraine, TTH, and CH was higher in opioid abusers than non-abusers. Opioid abusers with primary headache disorders had higher odds of morbidity, severe disability, and discharge to non-home location as compared to non-abusers.Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by rapid muscle breakdown and release of intracellular muscle components into the circulation. Acute renal injury is the most common and fatal complication of rhabdomyolysis. The current literature emphasizes the importance of preventing rhabdomyolysis and finding the benefits of sodium bicarbonates and mannitol in its prevention. A PubMed database search for the keywords "Rhabdomyolysis," "Sodium bicarbonate use in rhabdomyolysis," "Mannitol use in rhabdomyolysis," and a Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search using the keyword "Rhabdomyolysis; Acute Kidney Injury (Subheading-Prevention and control)" generated 10,005 articles overall. After a thorough application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 37 relevant studies were selected for this literature study. This analysis demonstrates that aggressive early volume resuscitation with normal saline should continue being the principal focus of therapy, and the use of sodium bicarbonate and mannitol in practical situations is not entirely justified. This article also emphasizes the need for future research on this topic and provides recommendations for future research.Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the beginning has been a reason of fear among healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the increased mortality, especially in the HCWs themselves. In this survey study, we aimed to explore the predictive factors associated with fear faced by HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the areas which need to be addressed to reduce it. Methods On May 14, 2020, we conducted an observational, cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire, consisting of the following two parts (1) focused on factors associated with HCWs' fear of getting an infection and being a source of carrying the infection to whom they care, and (2) focused on factors associated with HCWs' fear of uncertainty and lack of support from concerned health authorities. Results The mean age of the participants was 40.04 ± 12.92 years with 79.3% being males. More than half (51.1%) of the participants were consultants. The most important factors associated with fear included getting infected (84.8%), quarantined (69.6%), not getting medical treatment (62%), losing a life (56.8%), and infecting family members (94.2%). Another major factor associated with HCWs' fear was lack of support from concerned health authorities, 80.2% thought of solatium, and 71.7% believed that the job should be given to eligible family members of the deceased. More than 82.2% were concerned about health expenses and around 97.6% felt an additional health risk allowance should be given. Conclusion Our results indicate that the risk of getting infection to themselves and their families, along with a lack of support from concerned health authorities, was strongly associated with fear among HCWs. We hope through these findings that the concerned health authorities will take notice and do something in this regard by developing appropriate policies and measures to make sure that HCWs and their families are cared for if they get infected.We present a case of myxedema coma refractory to traditional treatments. Epigenetics activator Morbidity and mortality from myxedema coma are frequently due to a missed or delayed diagnosis. It tends to respond very well to intravenous levothyroxine replenishment as long as this treatment is initiated early. We report a case of a 71-year-old man who presented with altered mental status and severe bradycardia who was promptly diagnosed with myxedema coma on laboratory studies sent in the emergency department (thyroid-stimulating hormone 94.74, free T4 0.17, and free T3 0.69). However, while the diagnosis was recognized immediately, and he was treated aggressively with intravenous thyroxine replacement, he strangely remained refractory to treatment for a prolonged period of time. While he did respond to intravenous thyroxine initially, he dramatically decompensated each time he was transitioned to oral therapy. This case brings to question why rarely certain patients fail the transition to oral therapy, and how to treat these patients.Moyamoya disease is a rare, chronic, idiopathic progressive disease characterized by irreversible vascular occlusion of the vessels of the Circle of Willis. The disease was initially considered to be limited to the East Asian population, but now the disease is being reported all over the globe in people of multiple ethnicities. It is crucial that clinicians are aware of the disease and its presentation to prevent under-recognition of the condition. We describe the case of a 44-year-old Caucasian female with a history of hypertension, depression, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and morbid obesity diagnosed with Moyamoya disease after she presented to the emergency department with recurrent stroke-like symptoms.Background and objective Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usually treated with empirical therapy by physicians based on previous knowledge of the predictability of causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of various pathogens causing UTIs and their antimicrobial resistance profile in patients presenting to the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the urology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. The study was conducted over a period of six months, and it included 1,000 patients (of ages 12 years or above) who were clinically suspected for UTIs. Patients with comorbidities and immunocompromised patients were excluded from the study. Recipients of corticosteroid therapy or those with a history of intake of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the previous 15 days were also excluded. The modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for determining antimicrobial resistance against various antimicrobials. Results Out of 1,000 tested specimens, 530 (53%) isolates were found to be culture-positive. E.coli was the most common species isolated from the cultures with a prevalence of 77.4%, followed by Klebsiella (6.4%), Enterobacter (6.0%), Pseudomonas (3.8%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3.4%), Citrobacter (1.1%), and Morganella (0.4%). Antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antimicrobials was found to be alarmingly high. Conclusion E.coli was the most commonly isolated microorganism from the urine samples of UTI patients. Antimicrobial resistance against UTI-causing organisms is of great concern. The Surveillance of trends of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for organisms causing UTIs is highly important. Antibiotics should be prescribed according to proper guidelines to prevent increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is used nowadays with increased specificity to distinguish between malignant and benign breast lesions. Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of MRS in malignant breast lesions. MethodologyNewly diagnosed patients (n=158) having breast lesions diagnosed on ultrasound and mammography were enrolled to conduct the present study at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan for six months. Enrolled patients were informed and consent was taken.Every patient underwent proton MRS using a 1.5 Tesla MR system. Fast scans in various planes were obtained.Mean ± standard deviation (SD) was given for age, size of the lump, and duration of the disease whereas frequency and percentage were given for benign and malignant breast lesions by SPSS version 26. A significant p-value was ≤0.05. ResultsThe mean age of patients was 41.27 ± 5.48 years. The diagnosis of malignant breast lesions in 80 (50.63%) patients was shown by MRS whereas histopathology showed malignancy in 83 (sions in 80 (50.63%) patients was shown by MRS whereas histopathology showed malignancy in 83 (52.53%) cases. Conclusion MRS is an accurate diagnostic modality for malignant breast lesions.Vertebral compression fractures are often found in the elderly population with known risk factors. Less commonly, they may occur in otherwise healthy patients following traumatic falls and can cause significant pain requiring opioid therapy. This case emphasizes the use of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty as an effective treatment strategy in a young opioid-dependent patient as a means to support the return to baseline functionality.Lichen planus has been associated with several precipitating factors, such as drugs, immunizations, and viral infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eruptive or disseminated lichen planus is a rare variation that most often presents as an acute, widespread exanthem that progresses rapidly and usually lasts for a shorter duration. This variation has not been well studied, and little is known about the etiologies and treatments of this rare form. Thus far, only a few cases of eruptive lichen planus have been reported to be associated with HCV infection. We report a case a 62-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly progressive, diffuse, pruritic rash of the trunk, upper extremities, and thighs that was determined to be eruptive lichen planus secondary to chronic HCV infection. The patient was treated with topical steroids and oral antihistamines, and her rash spontaneously resolved approximately six months after the initial presentation.Polymetatarsia is an atavistic anomaly characterised by one or more additional metatarsals. Usually found with a supernumerary digit (polydactyly), polymetatarsia without polydactyly is a rare variant. We report a case of a 34-year-old male with polymetatarsia within the first intermetatarsal spaces of both feet without polydactyly. Clinically, moderate dorsal spur formation was visible, and compressive pain from ankylosed additional metatarsals within the first intermetatarsal spaces was exhibited. Treatment involved resection of his additional metatarsals with concomitant correction of his hallux valgus deformities and bilateral second brachymetatarsia. He reported a reduction in pressure and pain that was maintained until his discharge appointment at six weeks postoperatively. Resection of additional metatarsals may provide effective pain relief in symptomatic patients.