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ould be given to factors that have been shown to enhance the beneficial effects of abstinence, such as mood enhancement.

This study aimed to assess the subjective and objective cystoscopy skills of gynecology residents before and after implementation of a comprehensive simulation curriculum.

Residents in an obstetrics/gynecology program at a single academic institution participated in a 6-week cystoscopy simulation course. Residents attended an initial orientation and didactic presentation, and then weekly 20- to 30-minute training sessions using a water balloon model and a virtual reality simulator. Pretesting and posttesting were performed, including (1) subjective self-assessments, (2) a written quiz, and (3) objective structured assessment of technical skills. Paired t test was used to assess the differences in residents' objective assessment scores before and after simulation training.

A total of 16 residents were recruited. Residents reported significant subjective improvements in comfort, confidence, and proficiency in performing cystoscopy after completing the curriculum. Their overall objective assessment improvels. Although universal cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications remains controversial, cystoscopy simulation should remain an important part of resident training.

Craniopharyngioma is a relatively common congenital intracranial tumour for children. But only few available studies focused on the endocrine evaluation before diagnosis and post-operative endocrine evaluations of children with craniopharyngioma.

This study aims to aid in the early diagnosis of craniopharyngioma (CP) and follow-up post-operative children suffered from craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngioma patients, as the CP group (n = 50), and healthy children, as the control group (n = 30), the symptoms and pituitary hormone levels were reviewed and investigated.

The pre-operative levels of peak of GH, IGF-1, FT4, ACTH, COR and PRL of CP patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (all the P ≤ 0.001). Levels of pituitary-hormones after surgery were significantly lower than both those before surgery and those of the control group (all the P ≤ 0.001). HGH treatment could significantly improve the growth velocity of post-operative children (3.8 ± 1.5 cm/year vs 13.0 ± 3.4 cm/year for males, P ≤ 0.001; 4.0 ± 1.3 cm/year vs 12.7 ± 1.8 cm/year for females, P ≤ 0.001).

Children presenting with endocrine disturbance symptoms combined with pituitary hormone deficits should be assessed by MRI to exclude craniopharyngioma earlier. Also, long-term follow-up study was very essential to craniopharyngioma survivors.

Children presenting with endocrine disturbance symptoms combined with pituitary hormone deficits should be assessed by MRI to exclude craniopharyngioma earlier. Also, long-term follow-up study was very essential to craniopharyngioma survivors.

The adoption of a 'family-centered-care' philosophy is essential for the care process and its negotiation. A better understanding of nurses' perception of factors that affect the process of negotiation could allow us to better address future interventions and to improve FCC. The purpose of our study was to investigate pediatric nurses' perception of factors that affect the process of negotiation of care with Stem Cell Transplantation pediatric patients and their parents.

A qualitative research design with in-depth interviews was chosen. Sixteen interviews (16 nurses) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. selleck kinase inhibitor Two researchers conducted independently a thematic analysis of the verbatim transcripts of the interviews.

Four themes emerged from the data as factors that affect the process of negotiation (a) communication, (b) personal factors (c) specificity, and (d) organization.

These themes represent interesting points for future improvement interventions. Negotiation in the Stem Cell Transplant setting would deserve further research, with special focus on children' and parents' perception of factors affecting this important aspect. Furthermore, in the future, negotiation guidelines could be validated and implemented effectively and an already validated tool could be used to document the negotiation process in the Stem Cell Transplant setting.

These themes represent interesting points for future improvement interventions. Negotiation in the Stem Cell Transplant setting would deserve further research, with special focus on children' and parents' perception of factors affecting this important aspect. Furthermore, in the future, negotiation guidelines could be validated and implemented effectively and an already validated tool could be used to document the negotiation process in the Stem Cell Transplant setting.

Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 is the only probiotic recommended for treatment of colicky infants, but its mechanism of action is not clear. The study aim was to examine urinary metabolomic fingerprint of colicky breastfed infants before and after 1 month of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo.

This randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out with a well-documented probiotic. Thirty-two infants were enrolled, 16 in the probiotic group and 16 in the placebo group. Urine samples were collected from each subject before starting supplementation and at the end of the study period. Metabolomic profiles were obtained using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instrument. Subsequently, to compare groups before and after probiotic supplementation, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed.

In the L. reuteri treated group all metabolites for all class of nutrients (sugars, amino acids, carboxylic acids) resulted more abundant after the study period. The comparison with a control group (placebo treated), confirmed this effect on urines.

The metabolomic analysis of urine samples from infants treated with L. reuteri DSM 17938 allowed to detect some interesting features related to the effect of this treatment on urinary metabolome. To validate the results, a test on a larger cohort is required.

The metabolomic analysis of urine samples from infants treated with L. reuteri DSM 17938 allowed to detect some interesting features related to the effect of this treatment on urinary metabolome. To validate the results, a test on a larger cohort is required.