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With an observed moderate effect size of 0.35, but low power, more research is warranted regarding the role of gating disturbances in the development of stress-induced hypertension. Clinically, the SGI may be important for screening patients who would benefit from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to identify persons with masked hypertension.

With an observed moderate effect size of 0.35, but low power, more research is warranted regarding the role of gating disturbances in the development of stress-induced hypertension. Clinically, the SGI may be important for screening patients who would benefit from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to identify persons with masked hypertension.Whinton, AK, Donahoe, K, Gao, R, Thompson, KMA, Aubry, R, Saunders, TJ, Johnston, A, Chilibeck, PD, and Burr, JF. Repeated application of a novel creatine cream improves muscular peak and average power in male subjects. J Strength Cond Res 34(9) 2482-2491, 2020-Using a multicenter, randomized controlled trial, (N = 123, age 23 ± 4 years) we sought to determine whether administration of a novel, topical creatine supplement could improve muscular performance after acute and repeated (7-day) exposure. To study the acute performance enhancing effects of the supplement, subjects completed 5 sets of 15 maximal concentric single-leg knee extensions with and without the application of a low- (low dose [LD]-3.5 ml) or high-dose (high dose [HD]-7 ml) topical creatine cream. After a wash-out period, subjects had one leg randomized to receive either the creatine or placebo cream, with further randomization into an oral creatine or placebo supplement group. Subjects completed 5 sets of 15 maximal concentric single leg knef application.Bohannon, NA, Gillen, ZM, Shoemaker, ME, McKay, BD, Gibson, SM, Cramer, JT. Test-Retest Reliability of Static and Counter-Movement Power Push-Up Tests in Young Male Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(9) 2456-2464, 2020-The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability of the static (SP) and countermovement (CMP) power push-up test in young male athletes. The secondary purpose was to compare the reliability of vertical ground reaction forces versus torque measurements during the power push-up tests. Twenty boys (age = 11.60 ± 1.15 years) performed SPs and CMPs on force plates with the knees as the fulcrum on 2 laboratory visits separated by 2-7 days. Performance measurements included peak force (PF), peak rate of force development (pRFD), peak torque (PT), peak rate of torque development (pRTD), peak power (PP), average power (AP), eccentric impulse (ECC), and concentric impulse (CON) for both power push-up techniques. Age, maturity offset, height, body mass, fat-free mass, and estimated arm cross sectional area were obtained as measurements of growth. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), SEM, coefficients of variation, and minimum detectable changes (MDC) were reported. Only PF (ICC = click here -0.88, SEM = 59-84 N) and PT (ICC = 0.89-0.90, SEM = 60-88 N·m) showed acceptable reliability. Neither pRFD, pRTD, PP, AP, ECC, or CON were reliable outcomes. There were no meaningful differences between force-time and torque-time curve measurements. The SP showed slightly lower CVs (33-34%) than the CMP (CVs = 39-40%). Coaches and practitioners would need to see 58-71% increases in upper-body strength measurements evaluated via power push-up on force plates to be 95% confident that the improvements exceeded the measurement variability.Latella, C, Teo, W-P, Spathis, J, and van den Hoek, D. Long-term strength adaptation A 15-year analysis of powerlifting athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(9) 2412-2418, 2020-Strength is a fundamental component of athletic performance and development. This investigation examined the long-term strength development of powerlifting (PL) athletes. The rate of strength gain/day was assessed in 1897 PL athletes (F = 626, M = 1,271) over a 15-year period (2003-2018). Independent T-tests explored sex differences in baseline absolute (kg) and relative strength (kg·body mass [bm]) recorded from the first competition, and strength gain/day (kg·d). Analyses based on initial strength quartiles were conducted using one-way analysis of variances with significance set at p less then 0.05. Bivariate correlational analysis tested for relationships between strength gain/day and baseline strength, the number of competitions, and mean days between competitions. Males had greater absolute (M 513.3 ± 99.8 kg, F 289.4 ± 55.7 kg, p lh adaptations that may be particularly useful to understand athlete development, to aid periodized programming, and to benchmark strength over time.Merrigan, JJ, Dabbs, NC, and Jones, MT. Isometric mid-thigh pull kinetics Sex differences and response to whole-body vibration. J Strength Cond Res 34(9) 2407-2411, 2020-The purpose was to investigate whether whole-body vibration's (WBV's) effect on force-time characteristics is dependent on time and sex. Subjects (men, n = 18; women, n = 18) performed a static quarter squat with WBV (frequency 30 Hz; amplitude 2-4 mm) and without for 5 × 30 seconds repetitions (11, WBVrest). Next, they performed 2 sets of 3 repetitions of the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) with 3 minutes of intraset rest and 5 minutes of interset rest. Peak force (PF) and rate of force development (RFD) from 0 to 50, 0 to 150, and 0 to 250 milliseconds (RFD50, RFD150, and RFD250) were analyzed (p less then 0.05). #link# A significant effect of condition existed for PF (p = 0.019) and RFD from 0 to 250 seconds (p = 0.031). In women, RFD was moderately affected immediately post-WBV (p = 0.070; d = 0.49). Yet in men, the effect of WBV on RFD existed 15 minutes after exposure (p = 0.017; d = 0.36). In absolute terms men produced more PF than women (1,008.6 ± 289.7 N; p less then 0.001). All RFD bands were greater in men than those of women (RFD50, 5,519.3 ± 2,927.2 N·s; RFD150, 3,361.4 ± 1,385.3 N·s; RFD250, 2,505.7 ± 867.1 N·s; p less then 0.05). However, relative to fat-free mass, PF in men (40.1 ± 7.2 N·kg) was not different from women (37.7 ± 6.4 N·kg; p = 0.284). The same was true for RFD150 (21.1 ± 24.1 N·kg·s; p = 0.084) and RFD250 (10.9 ± 14.1 N·kg·s; p = 0.128). Yet, RFD50 remained greater in men (139.1 ± 33.6 N·kg·s) than that of women (86.8 ± 34.5 N·kg·s; p = 0.034). Current WBV protocols resulted in trivial to moderate effects on IMTP forces, which may be dependent on sex and time. Finally, it is recommended that women complete movements with the intent to move weight quickly to improve early RFD.This article explains how the mortality rate of an illness such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is calculated as well as how the definition of what is a "case" has changed from the earliest days of the pandemic to now. Many factors were not known about The Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic because it is a novel human pathogen. One key factor that was not known in the earliest days of the pandemic was that many patients are either asymptomatic or have symptoms so mild that they may not seek medical attention and hence these patients would not be identified as a "case" if that term is defined as being sufficiently symptomatic to be seeking medical attention. Cases in the earliest days of the pandemic were defined as based on having symptoms (eg, fever, cough, respiratory distress) after ruling out other possible causes. Cases now are defined by tests confirming that the person is shedding the SARS-CoV-2 (ie, a laboratory vs. a symptomatic diagnosis). The mortality rate of this virus dropped as a function of this change. On the basis of the results of an unintended, naturalistic experiment on an expeditionary cruise in March of 2020, there was more than a 5-fold drop in the calculated mortality rate due to this definitional change in what constituted a case. This column explains this issue and discusses its implications for effectively dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) pandemic.

The organizational environment can foster or impede full deployment of advance practice registered nurses (APRNs), affecting the quality of care and patient outcomes. Given the critical role APRNs play in health care, it is important to understand organizational factors that promote or hinder APRN practice to maximize the potential of this workforce in health care systems.

The aim of this study was to synthesize evidence about APRN practice environments, identify organizational facilitators and barriers, and make recommendations for better APRN utilization.

A literature search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, and PsychInfo, yielding 366 studies. No time or geographic limitations were applied. Study quality was appraised using the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Studies.

Thirty studies conducted in the United Strstanding of the APRN role in promoting effective practice environments. link2 Organizations should align policy reform efforts with factors that foster positive APRN practice environments to efficiently and effectively utilize this increasingly vital workforce. Future research is warranted.Despite extraordinary advances that have been made in cancer therapy, the number of cancer cases continue to surge, making it the leading cause of death across the world. As a result, early detection is one of the key aspects in the battle against the disease. Screening and early diagnosis play a pivotal role for effective treatment and to lower the cancer mortality rate. Cancer nanotechnology is a new branch in biology that provides a link between nanotechnology and clinical cancer research. link3 Moreover, it also aims to integrate the advancements made in the manufacture of nanoscale devices with cellular and molecular components associated with cancer diagnosis and therapy. Understanding these new technologies is crucial to integrating these practices into clinical settings. This novel approach has facilitated the conjugation of nanoscale devices with agents such as tumor-specific li-gands, antibodies, and imaging probes. This review summarizes the advancements made in nanotechnology based approaches in diagnosing cancer. Coupling of nanoparticles with targeting molecules enables an efficient interaction between biological systems with extraordinary accuracy. The progress associated with nanoscale devices such as metal based nanomaterials, exosomes, magnetic nanoparticles, in addition to quantum dots and lab on chip devices with regard to diagnostic applications has been discussed. We summarize how nanoparticles take advantage of the tumor microenvironment for targeting cancer cells. Further, the review outlines the drawbacks, challenges, and future prospects associated with these techniques as effective strategies to replace current clinical trends.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been identified as one of the most advanced and versatile nanovectors, theranostics, and futuristic drug delivery tools for highly effective delivery of genes, drugs, and biomolecules, as well as for use in bioimaging and as biosensors. CNTs have drawn tremendous attention and interest from researchers worldwide in the past two decades owing to a number of unique characteristics including well defined physicochemical properties, large surface area, in addition to exclusive electrical and optical properties. Numerous recent literature related to the design and applications of CNTs were studied and summarized accordingly. Special emphasis was given for the applications of CNTs in drug targeting. Specific targeting of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, taxol, gemcitabine, and methotrexate, and delivery of small interfering RNA, micro-RNA, as well as plasmid DNA have been successfully assisted using CNTs. All the major applications of CNTs were summarized in detail with possible toxicity concerns associated with them.