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Debate continues on whether a bilingual advantage exists with respect to executive functioning. This report synthesized the results of 170 studies to test whether the bilingual advantage is dependent on the task used to assess executive functioning and the age of the participants. The results of the meta-analyses indicated that the bilingual advantage was both task- and age-specific. Bilinguals were significantly faster than monolinguals (Hedges' g values ranged from 0.23 to 0.34), and significantly more accurate than monolinguals (Hedges' g values ranged between 0.18 and 0.49) on four out of seven tasks. Also, an effect of age was found whereby the bilingual advantage was larger for studies comprising samples aged 50-years and over (Hedges' g = 0.49), compared to those undertaken with participants aged between 18 and 29 years (Hedges' g = 0.12). The extent to which the bilingual advantage might be due to publication bias was assessed using multiple methods. These were Egger's Test of Asymmetry, Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill, Classic Fail-Safe N, and PET-PEESE. Publication bias was only found when using Egger's Test of Asymmetry and PET-PEESE method, but not when using the other methods. This review indicates that if bilingualism does enhance executive functioning, the effects are modulated by task and age. This may arise because using multiple languages has a highly specific effect on executive functioning which is only observable in older, relative to younger, adults. The finding that publication bias was not uniformly detected across the different methods raises questions about the impact that unpublished (or undetected) studies have on meta-analyses of this literature.The temporal structure of behavior contains a rich source of information about its dynamic organization, origins, and development. Today, advances in sensing and data storage allow researchers to collect multiple dimensions of behavioral data at a fine temporal scale both in and out of the laboratory, leading to the curation of massive multimodal corpora of behavior. However, along with these new opportunities come new challenges. Theories are often underspecified as to the exact nature of these unfolding interactions, and psychologists have limited ready-to-use methods and training for quantifying structures and patterns in behavioral time series. In this paper, we will introduce four techniques to interpret and analyze high-density multi-modal behavior data, namely, to (1) visualize the raw time series, (2) describe the overall distributional structure of temporal events (Burstiness calculation), (3) characterize the non-linear dynamics over multiple timescales with Chromatic and Anisotropic Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA), (4) and quantify the directional relations among a set of interdependent multimodal behavioral variables with Granger Causality. Each technique is introduced in a module with conceptual background, sample data drawn from empirical studies and ready-to-use Matlab scripts. The code modules showcase each technique's application with detailed documentation to allow more advanced users to adapt them to their own datasets. Additionally, to make our modules more accessible to beginner programmers, we provide a "Programming Basics" module that introduces common functions for working with behavioral timeseries data in Matlab. Together, the materials provide a practical introduction to a range of analyses that psychologists can use to discover temporal structure in high-density behavioral data.Extant scales related to measuring the sensory aspect of a brand from the consumer's perspective are typically either too abstract or too concrete. Thus, this study aimed to create a scale with a medium degree of abstraction by which to measure sensory brand experience. This entailed a process of scale development and validation. In study 1, we conducted a qualitative study to explore possible dimensions and items using semi-structured interviews. Several dimensions and items were proposed by combining findings from a literature review and the consumer interviews. In study 2, we examined the items and preliminarily tested the validity of the scale. The results show that, according to our scale, most of the brands considered could be differentiated in terms of the sensory experience they generate. The scale is thus deemed to have potential as a useful tool by which to evaluate the sensory quality of brands. In study 3, we further examined the items, verified the dimensions, tested the reliability and validity of the scale, and formally presented a final version of the scale. This final version comprises three dimensions and 10 items. The three dimensions represent, respectively, three important factors that may influence consumers' perceptions and evaluations of the sensory quality of brands the volume of sensory brand stimuli, the uniqueness of sensory brand stimuli, and the consistency between sensory brand stimuli and consumer. read more The scale's reliability and validity are found to be satisfactory. Future research can thus employ the scale to assess the sensory experience of various brands, and even to rank brands accordingly. While the present study in the Chinese context is expected to provide valuable insights into the brand experience and sensory branding literature, further research could be conducted to validate the scale in other geographical and cultural contexts.In this study, the extension of theory of planned behavior was developed to evaluate the effects of antecedents that influence consumers' intention to buy green products. The effect of nine determinants (i.e., individual benefits, social benefits, willingness-to-pay, environmental responsibility, e-word-of-mouth, values, self-competence, convenience, and environmental literacy) of the green wave on Taiwanese consumers was empirically tested by examining their perception of social responsibility through theory of planned behavior. Except for consumer subjective norms, the remaining factors exhibited significant positive correlations with the planned behavior, implying that the voluntary participation aspect of the green wave is considerably more critical than its mandatory social pressure. To diffuse this green wave more effectively, the Taiwanese government should encourage consumers to easily capture the detailed impact of the green wave on the society and allow consumers to use word-of-mouth marketing for the creation of relational value to improve their quality of life.