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Rapid and growing rise in obesity and diabetes mellitus, as serious human health-threatening issues, is alarming. The aim of the present study was assessing the accuracy of several obesity indices to predict hyperglycemia in overweight and obese Iranian populations and determining the value of such indices in comparison to the conventional parameters. We also evaluated new latent combined scores in this matter.

Overall, there were 2088 patients recruited from the weight loss clinic of Sina Hospital, an educational hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for this cross-sectional study. Demographic information, anthropometric indices and biochemical measurements were collected and calculated. The multivariable regression modeling as well as area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used. To detect the existence of new combined scores, we used SEM (structural equation modeling) analysis through SmartPLS.

Combined latent scores and WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) gave us a hperglycemia evaluation.

WHR had the strongest association with hyperglycemia in women with only sufficient discrimination ability. However, neither BSI (body shape index) and BAI (body adiposity index) nor FMI (fat mass index) and FFMI were superior to BMI (body mass index), WC or WHtR in predicting hyperglycemia. It was revealed that BRI and combined scores had a more predictive power compared to the BSI, BAI, FMI and FFMI, simplifying hyperglycemia evaluation.

In Iran, during the years, the budgeting model used for healthcare funding is affected by factors such as global oil prices and fluctuation in the exchange rates. Heptadecanoic acid in vitro So, developing or continuing to implement a plan in the health system depends on the current and future global and local economic trends.

To analyze the future of the recent significant reform called Health Transformation Plan (HTP), started on June 15, 2014, in the light of potential financial barriers and challenges.

Face-to-face interviews were conducted with health policymakers at different levels of the health system, health researchers, health insurance officers, and faculty members. Also, published and unpublished documents about HTP in the country and worldwide were reviewed. Data analysis was done using a qualitative inductive content analysis approach and assisted by qualitative data management software.

Instability of financial resources and allocation of gross domestic product (GDP) to the HTP in the traditional way is a challengnce of such a high cost-based plan requires the strategies and policies to ensure raising additional funds through various types of innovative financing to overcome challenges.

The mnemonic "SEPSIS" (S = Slurred speech or confusion, E = Extreme shivering or muscle pain, fever, P = Passing no urine all day, S = Severe breathlessness, I = It feels like you are going to die, S = Skin mottled or discolored) has been developed by the World Sepsis Day committee, so as to raise public awareness of the symptomatic presentation of sepsis. However, this mnemonic has not been validated.

A retrospective, observational, single-center study was performed. All adult septic patients presenting at the emergency department of Songklanagarind Hospital from 2016 to 2019 were included and followed up until either hospital discharge or death.

The study included 437 patients, comprising patients with sepsis (n = 250) and those with septic shock (n = 187). Patients presented with symptoms according to the mnemonic as follows S = 97 (22.2%), E = 240 (54.9%), P = 18 (4.1%), S =181 (41.4%), I = 5 (1.1%), and S = 5 (1.1%). Sixty-five patients (14.9%) did not present with any sepsis-specific symptoms accofection. This mnemonic should be revised for the local context.

Multidrug resistance in

is constantly on the rise. There has also been an increase in the morbidity and mortality of patients with infection by the same pathogen.

This study aimed to assess the patterns of antibiotic resistance exhibited by various clinical isolates of

, examine the risk factors associated, and investigate the prevalence of co-infecting pathogens and the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Reports of 100 isolates of

obtained from patients admitted in two tertiary hospitals were used for the study. Identification and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns were done using Vitek2. The presence of probable risk factors was noted. The pattern of clinical outcomes of the patients and the prevalence of co-infecting pathogens were analyzed. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics.

More than 50% of isolates showed resistance independently to imipenem and meropenem. Higher rates of susceptibility were observed with tigecycline (research and the use of other antibiotics such as tigecycline, to which higher susceptibility was observed.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are growing concern in many countries around the globe including Iran. Among them,

(

causes both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections. Despite the high prevalence of

isolates in Iran, unfortunately little is known about the epidemiological aspects of

infection. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular identification, determination of subtypes variation and geographic distribution of clinical isolates of

isolates.

In the present study, 108 clinical pulmonary isolates suspected to NTM were collected from four Tuberculosis Regional Reference Laboratories in Iran during 2016-2018. The isolates were confirmed as NTM using conventional and molecular methods. Among them,

isolates were subjected to

gene sequencing. For determination of subtyping of

isolates, polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA) based on the

gene was performed.

Based on the

gene sequence analysis, 33 (30.5%) isolof the biology and pathogenicity of M. kansasii subtype I.

Our study is a retrospective observational study conducted in one of the largest clinical centers of neurosurgery in China. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the

isolates responsible for nosocomial meningitis/encephalitis in post-neurosurgical patients. Meanwhile, we tried to evaluate the risk factors for mortality following

meningitis/encephalitis.

Medical data on clinical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibilities, and mortality were reviewed until patients' discharge or death in the hospital. Data for a total of 164 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection cases due to

after neurosurgery were collected between January 2014 and November 2019 in order to identify risk factors affecting the outcome. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were applied.

In this study, a total of 2416 neurosurgical meningitis/encephalitis cases were reported between 2014 and 2019.

accounted for 7.3% (176/2416) of all the bacterial infectioeurosurgical patients.

In-hospital mortality caused by Enterobacteriaceae meningitis/encephalitis in neurosurgery was high. A GCS score of ≤8 was an independent risk factor for mortality following Enterobacteriaceae meningitis/encephalitis in post-neurosurgical patients.Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is the leading cause of bacteremia and meningitis in neonates; however, it also causes meningitis in adults, although much less frequently. After the detection of penicillin-non-susceptible GBS (PRGBS) for the first time in 2008 by Japanese researchers, clinical PRGBS isolates have been reported worldwide. These isolates need to be given due attention for being non-susceptible to multiple drugs. Herein, we present the first clinical report of meningitis caused by PRGBS. A 41-year-old Japanese male receiving an immunosuppressant visited hospital complaining of fever. Although he did not have meningitis-related symptoms or physical findings, determination of the cause of fever by Gram-staining of the spinal fluid revealed gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains. Initially, he was hospitalized on the diagnosis of cerebral meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, culture of the spinal fluid revealed the β-hemolytic colonies on bloections, including meningitis, in the near future.

Understanding drug resistance is important in drug selection for

(

) eradication, and drug resistance data are lacking in Beijing.

This cross-sectional study aimed to isolate

from patients with gastroduodenal diseases and to analyze drug resistance to clarithromycin (CLA) and levofloxacin (LEV), which are used frequently in China.

One hundred and seventy-six patients with gastroduodenal diseases undergoing gastroduodenoscopy were selected by convenient sampling. Gastric mucosa samples were cultured and sub-cultured using a new medium broth. Active

strains were confirmed by microscopy observation as Gram-negative curved bacilli with positive test results for urease, oxidase, and catalase, and

amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CLA and LEV resistance was identified by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests and sequencing of

, and

genes.

From the 176 clinical samples, 112 (112/176, 63.6%) were confirmed with

infection and 65 (65/176, 36.9%) active

strains were, suggested extending the detection of H. pylori drug resistance from the MIC method to a genotypic assay.

serovar Typhimurium infection is common in foodborne diseases, but its isolation from surgical incisions is rare. Our aim in this study was to trace the transmission source of a surgical incision infected with

. Typhimurium in a Yunnan Province hospital patient and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.

Primers were designed to amplify the drug-resistance genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using Etest strips. Macrorestriction profiles were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and XbaI. The two isolates were characterized using agglutination tests and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

MLST analysis revealed that

. Typhimurium isolates SM043 and SM080 belonged to the same genotype, ST34, and PFGE revealed that SM043 and SM080 had high similarity. The isolates were both resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. SM043 harbored the antibiotic resistance genes

, and

, whereas

, and

were detected in SM080.

The surgical incision infection by

. Typhimurium may have been hospital-acquired. Thus, it is critical to strengthen hospital sanitation by addressing hand hygiene and sterilization of the operational environment to avoid outbreaks of nosocomial

infections.

The surgical incision infection by S. Typhimurium may have been hospital-acquired. Thus, it is critical to strengthen hospital sanitation by addressing hand hygiene and sterilization of the operational environment to avoid outbreaks of nosocomial Salmonella infections.

Rickettsioses are diseases caused by intracellular Gram-negative bacteria of the Rickettsiaceae family and transmitted through the bite of infected ticks or mites.

To investigate the clinical and subclinical characteristics and prognostic severe factors of the disease caused by Rickettsiaceae.

A prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Infectious Diseases of two military hospitals in Northern Vietnam from May 2013 to June 2019, in which 88 adult febrile patients caused by

(50 patients) or

spp. (38 patients) were enrolled. We recorded information regarding epidemiological characteristics (age, geography, residence, occupation), medical history, clinical and subclinical findings, life-threatening complications during treatment, outcomes and some factors predicting serious life-threatening complications in a case record form.

Scrub typhus (ST) patients had eschar (70%), skin-conjunctiva congestion (60%) and lymphadenopathy (44%).

patients had a higher rate of maculopapular rash (39.