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The first World Workshop on Oral AIDS was held in San Diego in 1988, organized by John and Deborah Greenspan who saw the need and advantages of getting together all those health workers globally who were interested in oral aspects of HIV with a common purpose of advancing the field collectively and collaboratively. Since that time and over the following 30 years, World Workshops on oral HIV have been held every four years or so. The aims of the first and all subsequent Workshops were to bring together clinicians and non-clinical scientists who have an interest in the oral manifestations of HIV disease, to share worldwide perspectives, knowledge and understanding of oral health and disease in HIV infection, to agree on global definitions and classifications of oral diseases and to identify research needs taking account of the worldwide perspectives and opportunities. Thus, there have been clinical science, social science and basic science aspects of each World Workshop. The Workshops have achieved their aims and have had impact in all three fields, leading to robust research agendas, changes in national HIV policies and international collaborations. They have led to policy declarations of access to oral care as a basic human right for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and advancing the rights of all HIV-positive healthcare workers to perform clinical practice.Globally, one in four people living with HIV are unaware of their status. Current HIV testing services' strategies are falling short of reaching all, and thus, HIV testing should be offered in more decentralized and non-traditional settings such as the dental and community settings. The workshop titled "HIV Testing What, Where, and How?" provided an overview of concepts and advances in HIV point of care and self-testing diagnostics and a discussion on the implementation of HIV self-test interventions in different healthcare settings and its impact thereof. We also described how to build layperson capacity to deliver HIV testing in community settings. Additionally, we discussed what we have learned from expanding HIV testing beyond the specialist setting. We also noted considerations (i.e. provider willingness, test selection, training and preparing testing environment) dentists and other non-specialist providers need to account for if they are planning to conduct HIV testing. Finally, we highlighted facilitators and barriers to implementing HIV testing in the dental setting on a global scale. These considerations are critical to meeting the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the HIV/AIDS epidemic.We present three cases of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) in whom the diagnosis was established by EBV DNA detection in whole saliva. Three HIV-infected patients came to the Oral Medicine Clinic with similar chief complaints of asymptomatic white lesions on the tongue. All patients were diagnosed with suspected OHL and oral thrush also in the first patient. A multiplex PCR DNA microarray was performed to detect EBV DNA in saliva collected by spitting method. All saliva samples showed positive results for EBV DNA, and the definitive diagnosis of OHL was made. Resolution of lesions was found at 1- to 2-month follow-up after treatment with application of acyclovir 5% cream 5 times daily. Additionally, anti-fungal treatment was given to the first patient and anti-retroviral treatment to the first and second patients. EBV is mostly transmitted by asymptomatic shedding into saliva. Therefore, the detection of salivary EBV DNA is useful in establishing a definitive diagnosis of OHL allowing more effective treatment for both HIV-infected patients receiving ART and treatment-naïve patients at any CD4 + count.

Third molar surgery is a common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This kind of surgery is predictable, and complications are infrequent. Immune deficiency is one of the considerations for the prevention of complications. HIV patients may be immune deficient. Third molar surgical procedures are associated with bleeding and increased risk of infection. Improvement in oral hygiene must be encouraged, such as pre-operative scaling. Prophylactic antibiotics and history of anti-retroviral therapy should be considered.

7 cases of third molar surgery in HIV patients were handled at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Intraoral examination showed typical lesions of HIV patients such as oral candidiasis, hairy leucoplakia, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, oral ulcers and also pericoronitis of third molars. Radiological examination showed impacted teeth in the upper and lower the third molar region. Third molar treatment was carried out as elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to the patients as standard of care.

Treatment planning for HIV-positive patients follows the same sequence as with other patients, and the priorities are to remove local infection and prevent further dental disease. Third molar surgery in HIV-positive patients can improve dental health which can affect the quality of life. Prophylactic antibiotic should be used to prevent infections. Bleeding control also needed to avoid complications.

Treatment planning for HIV-positive patients follows the same sequence as with other patients, and the priorities are to remove local infection and prevent further dental disease. Third molar surgery in HIV-positive patients can improve dental health which can affect the quality of life. Prophylactic antibiotic should be used to prevent infections. Bleeding control also needed to avoid complications.HIV infection continues to be one of the world's greatest pandemics, affecting nearly every country on the globe. By September 2018, it is estimated that 38 million people were living with HIV, 30 million people are aware of their status, and 23 million people are taking anti-retroviral therapy (8 million in 2010). Thus, currently 8 million people living with HIV are not aware that they are HIV-positive and 15 million persons are not being treated. There are nearly 15 million orphans (aged 0-17). There is widespread inequality both in the prevalence of HIV infection and in the access to therapy. However, although the number of people living with HIV continues to increase, the number of new infections shows a steady decrease over the last 9 years and in 2018 was 1.7 million. Deaths from AIDS in 2018 also decreased to 750,000 from 1.2 million in 2010. The world prevalence of HIV is about 0.23% but is over 0.3% in South-East Asia, Latin America, North America and Eastern Europe and with particularly high prevalence in the Caribbean (1.1%) and sub-Saharan Africa (5.5%). It is approximately 0.5% in Indonesia. There were approximately 5,000 new HIV infections (adults and children) a day during 2018. About 61% were in sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 50% were in females and 500 were in children. HIV therapy seems to have had a global impact, with AIDS-related deaths decreasing by 33% since 2010, and new infections decreasing by 16%. Nevertheless, the majority of the world's HIV is in low and middle resource countries and social determinants are strongly related. Many people living with HIV or at risk for HIV still do not have access to prevention, care and treatment, and there is still no cure.Dentists' knowledge and attitudes are two main components that may have a role in reducing and preventing the severity of HIV infection. No recent data on this are available in Jakarta.

To evaluate the dental profession's experience based on knowledge and attitude toward HIV patients in West Jakarta.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 218 private dentists. The knowledge and attitude were assessed by validated questionnaire under informed consent. Data were analyzed by the Rasch model to assess reliability and multiple logistic regression.

Rasch test found person reliability was poor (0.60; 1.23) and item reliability was excellent (0.97; 5.32). Good knowledge was shown in 58.3% of respondents, and a good attitude was practiced in 56.9%. Only the duration of dental practice (p<.005) <1year served as an independent risk factor for good knowledge and attitude (p<.05; p<.05), respectively. Age, gender, having a social history of interacting with HIV patients, or a history of having treated HIV patients were not associated (p>.05). The results suggest that newly graduated dentists (<1year) have retained the knowledge which could impact on their attitude toward HIV patients in dental practice.

Newly qualified dentists had the best knowledge and attitude toward treating HIV patients in West Jakarta.

Newly qualified dentists had the best knowledge and attitude toward treating HIV patients in West Jakarta.This Basic Science Workshop addressed the oral microbiome. TRAM-34 cost At the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health & Disease in HIV/AIDS in India in 2014, some aspects of the human microbiome were discussed, and research questions formulated. Since that time, there have been major advances in technology, which have stimulated a number of publications on many aspects of the human microbiome, including the oral cavity. This workshop aimed to summarize current understanding of the "normal" microbiome of the oral cavity compared to that during HIV infection, and how oral immune factors and other clinical variables alter or control the oral microbiome. An important question is whether successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy, which leads to a significant drop in viral loads and immune reconstitution, is associated with any change or recovery of the oral microbiome. Additionally, the workshop addressed the issue of which parameters are most appropriate/correct to evaluate the oral microbiome and how clinically relevant are shifts/changes in the oral microbiome. The workshop evaluated current knowledge in five research areas related to five basic questions and identified further topics where further research is required.

A dental curriculum which fosters knowledge and attitude.

A pilot study to explore dental students views of current HIV related teaching and to assess the impact of this teaching on the students' self-perceived confidence in delivering dental care to HIV patients.

A short cross-sectional survey was conducted to gather the views of students on both objectives. Data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis was conducted and used to present the data. Additionally, a one to one interview was performed with a past dental student for a thematic analysis.

The HIV teaching at this dental school uses different learning approaches involving didactic, reflective, and participatory methods to address the knowledge, attitudinal and skills objectives. A didactic and experiential problem-based approach using role-play with simulated patients with feedback, and discussion is utilised. Preliminary results show dental students perceive the course to be valuable and there is a general improvement in confidence in their knowledge and ability to communicate with HIV-positive patients.

This evaluation suggests the course format and content are appropriate in providing education and training for dental students and supports the value of teaching HIV to undergraduate students.

This evaluation suggests the course format and content are appropriate in providing education and training for dental students and supports the value of teaching HIV to undergraduate students.