Mohamedabildtrup4103

MDD subjects showed a higher probability of transitioning from a state with weaker ACC connectivity to a state with stronger ACC connectivity, and this abnormality is associated with symptom severity. This study is the first attempt to study dFC of the DMN in MDD using a relatively large sample size. It provides novel evidence of abnormal time-varying DMN configuration in MDD and offers links to symptom severity in MDD subjects.

We recently discovered that individuals with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) have a higher grip force control ability in their intact upper limbs than able-bodied subjects. However, the neural basis for this phenomenon is unknown.

This study aimed to investigate the neural basis of the higher grip force control in the brains of individuals with SCI using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Eight SCI subjects and 10 able-bodied subjects performed hand grip force control tasks at 10%, 20%, and 30% of their maximal voluntary contraction during functional MRI (fMRI). Resting-state fMRI and T1-weighted structural images were obtained to investigate changes in brain networks and structures after SCI.

SCI subjects showed higher grip force steadiness than able-bodied subjects (

< .05, corrected), smaller activation in the primary motor cortex (

< .05, corrected), and deactivation of the visual cortex (

< .001, uncorrected). Furthermore, SCI subjects had stronger functional connectivi of intact limb functions after SCI.In four studies, we test the hypothesis that people, asked to envisage interactions between an ingroup and an outgroup, tend to spatially represent the ingroup where writing starts (e.g., left in Italian) and as acting along script direction. Using soccer as a highly competitive intergroup setting, in Study 1 (N = 100) Italian soccer fans were found to envisage their team on the left side of a horizontal soccer field, hence playing rightward. Studies 2a and 2b (N = 219 Italian and N = 200 English speakers) replicate this finding, regardless of whether the own team was stronger or weaker than the rival team. Sanguinarine Study 3 (N = 67 Italian and N = 67 Arabic speakers) illustrates the cultural underpinnings of the Spatial Intergroup Bias, showing a rightward ingroup bias for Italian speakers and a leftward ingroup bias for Arabic speakers. Findings are discussed in relation to how space is deployed to symbolically express ingroup favoritism (Spatial Ingroup Bias) versus shared stereotypes (Spatial Agency Bias).Cognitive impairment is common in veterans with histories of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cholinergic deficits have been hypothesized as contributors to this impairment. We report the effects of cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine transdermal patch treatment in veterans with TBI and post-traumatic memory impairment. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 9.5 mg/24 h (10 cm2) rivastigmine patch in veterans of military conflicts with persistent moderate to severe memory impairment at least 12 weeks after TBI. This randomized, outpatient, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial with an exploratory double-blind phase of an additional 14 weeks was conducted at 5 VA Medical Centers, among veterans with closed, non-penetrating TBI who met or exceeded modified American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine criteria for mild TBI with verbal memory deficits, as assessed by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Revised (HVLT-R). Patients were randomized 11 to rivastigmine or matching placebo patcrgest sample to date of veterans with TBI and post-traumatic memory deficits enrolled in a pharmacological trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01670526.

Motor performance is a complex process controlled in task-specific spatial frames of reference (FRs). Movements can be made within the framework of the body (egocentric FR) or external space (exocentric FR). People with stroke have impaired reaching, which may be related to deficits in movement production in different FRs.

To characterize rapid motor responses to changes in the number of degrees of freedom for movements made in different FRs and their relationship with sensorimotor and cognitive impairment in individuals with mild chronic stroke.

Healthy and poststroke individuals moved their hand along the contralateral forearm (egocentric task) and between targets in the peripersonal space (exocentric task) without vision while flexing the trunk. Trunk movement was blocked in randomized trials.

For the egocentric task, controls produced the same endpoint trajectories in both conditions (free- and blocked-trunk) by preserving similar shoulder-elbow interjoint coordination (IJC). However, endpoint tragration of the affected arm into activities of daily living.To contain the spread of Covid-19, engagement in protective behaviors across the population is of great importance. The present study investigated protective behavior intentions during the early phases of Covid-19 in Germany (February 2-April 3, 2020) as a function of threat level and age using data from 4,940 participants in the EUCLID project. Results indicated that the intention to engage in social distancing increased sharply with threat level. Intentions for personal hygiene also increased, although to a lesser extent. While age only had a small overall effect on behavioral intentions, differential patterns emerged. After the lockdown was introduced, the impact of age decreased for social distancing and hygiene behavior intentions but increased for seeing a doctor. Since containing the Covid-19 pandemic depends on high adoption rates of protective behaviors, future research should track sustained phases of the pandemic, including the easing of restrictions and possible new waves of infections.

Somatosensory deficits are prevalent after stroke, but effective interventions are limited. Brain stimulation of the contralesional primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a promising adjunct to peripherally administered rehabilitation therapies.

To assess short-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting contralesional (S1) of the upper extremity.

Using a single-session randomized crossover design, stroke survivors with upper extremity somatosensory loss participated in 3 rTMS treatments targeting contralesional S1 Sham, 5 Hz, and 1 Hz. rTMS was delivered concurrently with peripheral of sensory electrical stimulation and vibration of the affected hand. Outcomes included 2-point discrimination (2PD), proprioception, vibration perception threshold, monofilament threshold (size), and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). Measures were collected before, immediately after treatment, and 1 hour after treatment. Mixed models were fit to analyze the effects of the 3 interventions.