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This concentric assembly of CNCs and corresponding tunable optical property emerge as a promising candidate for information security, anticounterfeiting technology, and advanced optics.The main function and biological processes of tissues are determined by the combination of gene expression and spatial organization of their cells. RNA sequencing technologies have primarily interrogated gene expression without preserving the native spatial context of cells. However, the emergence of various spatially-resolved transcriptome analysis methods now makes it possible to map the gene expression to specific coordinates within tissues, enabling transcriptional heterogeneity between different regions, and for the localization of specific transcripts and novel spatial markers to be revealed. Hence, spatially-resolved transcriptome analysis technologies have broad utility in research into human disease and developmental biology. Here, recent advances in spatially-resolved transcriptome analysis methods are summarized, including experimental technologies and computational methods. Strengths, challenges, and potential applications of those methods are highlighted, and perspectives in this field are provided.The transition metal oxides (TMOs) with high volumetric capacities are promising anodes for the future electronics, however, they usually suffer from severe capacity decay and poor rate capability. Carbon hybridization and nanosizing can resolve these challenges, yet these significantly compromise the volumetric capacity. Herein, both high capacity and long cycling stability are simultaneously achieved in the micrometer-sized Mo-based oxide particles by designing the dual conductive MoO2 /β-MoO3- x mosaics. The rational combination of the highly electronically conductive MoO2 with the highly ionically conductive and open-structured β-MoO3 achieves a promising volumetric capacity of 1742 mAh cm-3 , which is four times higher than the commercial graphite. Simultaneously, both stable cycling performance (87% retention after 500 cycles) and excellent rate capability (outperformed a majority of the MoO2 -based anodes reported in literature) are obtained in the lithium-ion batteries. For the sodium-ion batteries, the composite exhibits three times higher Na+ storage than pure MoO2 . Moreover, the decisive role of the bond energy on the electrochemical performance of TMOs is also identified. This study may open up new perspectives for choosing and designing the TMO anodes with a high volumetric capacity for the practical applications.Dielectric film capacitors are considered as potential candidates for advanced power electronics technology due to their extremely high-power densities and outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, but the further improvement of energy storage density is still needed. Here, a strategy is proposed to enhance the energy storage properties by introducing nanoscale polarization regions into amorphous films, which can significantly improve the maximum polarization and maintain a high breakdown strength. The (1-x)BaTiO3 -xBi(Ni0.5 Zr0.5 )O3 ((1-x)BT-xBNZ) thin films are fabricated by the sol-gel method and the amorphous films with nanoscale polarization regions are obtained by adjusting the preparation process. Consistent with the conjecture, amorphous phase and nanoscale polarization regions in the (1-x)BT-xBNZ films are clearly observed by electron diffraction. Results show that giant recoverable energy density of 103.7 J cm-3 with high energy efficiency of 88.3% are simultaneously achieved at 8.3 MV cm-1 in 0.92BT-0.08BNZ thin films. Furthermore, the 0.92BT-0.08BNZ thin film exhibits excellent thermal stability in a wide temperature range of 20-200 °C, ∆Wrec /Wrec20 °C less then 2.2%. This work provides a novel method for dielectric thin film capacitors applied in high temperature and electric field.Few microfluidic devices are used in biomedical labs, despite the obvious potential; reasons given include the devices are rarely made with cell-friendly materials, and liquids are inaccessibly buried behind solid confining walls. An open microfluidic approach is reviewed in which aqueous circuits with almost any imaginable 2D shape are fabricated in minutes on standard polystyrene Petri dishes by reshaping two liquids (cell-culture media plus an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon, FC40). Then, the aqueous phase becomes confined by fluid FC40 walls firmly pinned to the dish by interfacial forces. Such walls can be pierced at any point with pipets and liquids added or removed through them, while flows can be driven actively using external pumps or passively by exploiting local differences in Laplace pressure. As walls are robust, permeable to O2 plus CO2 , and transparent, cells are grown in incubators and monitored microscopically as usual. It is hoped that this simple, accessible, and affordable fluid-shaping technology provides bioscientists with an easy entrée into microfluidics.Converting CO2 into carbon-based fuels is promising for relieving the greenhouse gas effect and the energy crisis. However, the selectivity and efficiency of current electrocatalysts for CO2 reductions are still not satisfactory. In this paper, the development of machine learning methods in screening CO2 reduction electrocatalysts over the recent years is reviewed. Through high-throughput calculation of some key descriptors such as adsorption energies, d-band center, and coordination number by well-constructed machine learning models, the catalytic activity, optimal composition, active sites, and CO2 reduction reaction pathway over various possible materials can be predicted and understood. Machine learning is now realized as a fast and low-cost method to effectively explore high performance electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.The rapid development of all inorganic metal perovskite (CsPbX3 , X represents halogen) materials holds great promise for top-cells in tandem junctions due to their glorious thermal stability and continuous adjustable band gap in a wide range. Due to the presence of defects, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still substantially below the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. Therefore, it is imperative to have an in-depth understanding of the defects in PSCs, thus to evaluate their impact on device performances and to develop corresponding strategies to manipulate defects in PSCs for further promoting their photoelectric properties. In this review, the latest progress in defect passivation in the CsPbX3 PSCs field is summarized. Starting from the effect of non-radiative recombination on open circuit voltage (Voc ) losses, the defect physics, tolerance, self-healing, and the effect of defects on the photovoltaic properties are discussed. Some techniques to identify defects are compared based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then, passivation manipulation is discussed in detail, the defect passivation mechanisms are proposed, and the passivation agents in CsPbX3 thin films are classified. Finally, directions for future research about defect manipulation that will push the field to progress forward are outlined.Mimicking nature is a highly efficient and meaningful way for designing functional materials. However, constructing bioinspired nanofibrous 3D cellular networks with robust mechanical features is extremely challenging. Herein, a biomimetic, super-flexible, highly elastic, and tough nanofibrous membrane (NFM)-based water harvester is reported with a highly ordered honeycomb-inspired gradient network structure, self-assembled from electrospun spider-silk-like humped nanofibers. The resultant NFM exhibits super flexibility, high tensile strength (2.9 MPa), superior elasticity, and decent toughness (3.39 MJ m-3 ), allowing it to be used as the framework of hygroscopic materials. The resulting hygroscopic NFM displays excellent moisture absorption performance, which can be used as an efficient water harvester with a superhigh equilibrium moisture absorption capacity of 4.60 g g-1 at 95% relative humidity for 96 h, fast moisture absorption and transport rates, and long-term durability, achieving directional transport and collection of tiny water droplets. This work paves the way for the design and development of multifunctional NFMs with a honeycomb-inspired gradient network structure.Ammonia is an essential chemical for agriculture and industry. To date, NH3 is mainly supplied by the traditional Haber-Bosch process, which is operated under high-temperature and high-pressure in a centralized way. To achieve ammonia production in an environmentally benign way, electrochemical NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions has become the frontier of energy and chemical conversion schemes, as it can be powered by renewable energy and operates in a decentralized way. The recent progress on developing different strategies for NH3 production, including 1) classic NH3 synthesis pathways over nanomaterials; 2) the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism over metal nitrides (MNx ); 3) reducing the nitrate into NH3 over Cu-based nanomaterial; and 4) metal-N2 battery release of NH3 from Lix M. Moreover, the most recent advances in engineering strategies for developing highly active materials and the design of the reaction systems for NH3 synthesis are covered.Owing to their switchable spontaneous polarization, ferroelectric materials have been applied in various fields, such as information technologies, actuators, and sensors. In the last decade, as the characteristic sizes of both devices and materials have decreased significantly below the nanoscale, the development of appropriate characterization tools became essential. Recently, a technique based on conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM), called AFM-positive-up-negative-down (PUND), is employed for the direct measurement of ferroelectric polarization under the AFM tip. However, the main limitation of AFM-PUND is the low frequency (i.e., on the order of a few hertz) that is used to initiate ferroelectric hysteresis. A significantly higher frequency is required to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement efficiency. selleck chemical In this study, a novel method based on high-frequency AFM-PUND using continuous waveform and simultaneous signal acquisition of the switching current is presented, in which polarization-voltage hysteresis loops are obtained on a high-polarization BiFeO3 nanocapacitor at frequencies up to 100 kHz. The proposed method is comprehensively evaluated by measuring nanoscale polarization values of the emerging ferroelectric Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 under the AFM tip.Most reported cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous Al metal batteries are based on an intercalative-type chemistry mechanism. Herein, iodine embedded in MOF-derived N-doped microporous carbon polyhedrons (I2 @ZIF-8-C) is proposed to be a conversion-type cathode material for aqueous aluminum-ion batteries based on "water-in-salt" electrolytes. Compared with the conventional Al-I2 battery using ionic liquid electrolyte, the proposed aqueous Al-I2 battery delivers much enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity and voltage plateaus. Benefitting from the confined liquid-solid conversion of iodine in hierarchical N-doped microporous carbon polyhedrons and enhanced reaction kinetics of aqueous electrolytes, the I2 @ZIF-8-C electrode delivers high reversibility, superior specific capacity (≈219.8 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 ), and high rate performance (≈102.6 mAh g-1 at 8 A g-1 ). The reversible reaction between I2 and I- , with I3 - and I5 - as intermediates, is confirmed via ex situ Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.