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361, p=0.000), while the enzymes activity did not. A correlation of GPx and GR activity (r=0.417, p=0.000) was identified in tear, while in serum - of GPx activity and GSH level (r=409, p=0.000). Tear GPx and GR levels correlated significantly but with low power with HR degree (r=0.299, p=0.004/ r=0.299, p=0.004). Conclusion Statistically significant elevation in tear GPx and GR activity and a tendency of GSH level increase was revealed, being attested, and a direct correlation between GPx and GR activity, as well as of their activity with the HR degree. In serum, the GSH level and the GPx activity did not change accurately, while the GR activity diminished significantly, the identified decrease being correlated with the HR degree. Abbreviations HR = hypertensive retinopathy, HTN = hypertension, GSH = reduced glutathione, GPx = glutathione peroxidase, GR = glutathione reductase, GGR = gamma-glutamyl transferase, ROSs = reactive species of oxygen, OS = oxidative stress.Purpose to examine the lens epithelial cells in diabetic patients with pseudoexfoliation to ultramicroscope and to compare the findings with those of patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or without pseudoexfoliation (PEX). Materials and Methods Forty patients aged 65-86 years were enrolled in the study. All patients had senile cataract and were divided into four groups of ten patients in each group. Group I patients without pseudoexfoliation, without DM, Group II without pseudoexfoliation, with DM, Group III with pseudoexfoliation, without DM, Group IV (Pseudoexfoliation-Diabetic Group) with pseudoexfoliation, with DM. In all cases, part of the central portion of anterior lens capsule was removed during routine cataract surgery, and was properly prepared in order to be examined under a transmission electron microscope. Results In the control group, mainly degenerative alterations to varying extents were observed. In all groups, intracellular and extracellular oedema, multilayering, apoptosis, completelEC = Lens Epithelium Cells, BM = Basement Membrane, CM = Cytoplasmic Membrane.Objective To compare visual outcomes and complications between manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the tertiary care center. A total of 1281 cases underwent manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification from January 2014 to December 2016. The postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) along with the rates of complications were compared between both groups. Results Five hundred and twenty-one patients (40.67%) and 760 patients (59.33%) were subjected by staff members and residents, respectively. Altogether, 689 cases (53.79%) were subjected to MSICS technique and 592 cases (46.21%) to phacoemulsification. CldAdo The MSICS group had significantly harder cataract (cataract grading ≥ 4+ 31.64% vs. 7.77%; p less then 0.001). One month postoperatively, good visual outcome (BCVA ≥ 6 /18) in the phacoemulsification group was higher than that in the MSICS group (86.33% vs. 72.12%, p less then 0.001). The risk factor for poor outcome (post-operative BCVA less then 6 /60 in both groups) was the presence of associated ocular pathologies. The intraoperative and perioperative complications rates were higher in the MSICS group (16.55% vs. 6.6%, p less then 0.001). The most common complications were hyphema (4.35%), posterior capsule ruptures (4.21%), and prolapsed iris (3.05%). Long-term postoperative complication rates were higher in the phacoemulsification group (9.29% vs. 21.28%, p less then 0.001). The most common complication was posterior capsule opacity (8.71% vs. 20.44%, p less then 0.001). Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) was similar in both groups (0.29% vs. 0.17%, p=1.00). Conclusion The number of patients who had experienced good visual outcomes was higher in the phacoemulsification group. However, for both groups, no significant differences were found on the long-term complication rate.Objective. Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder, centered by loss of tear homeostasis. The diagnosis represents a challenge in the absence of a gold standard, so different questionnaires and techniques are combined. Considering that a low lacrimal secretion and a high rate of evaporation can determine changes in the tear film, the question that arises is if there are differences between the tear film thickness and the tear meniscus values of patients with DED compared to healthy volunteers, and if so, if they can be proposed as an objective diagnosis technique using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Materials and methods. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used together with examiner confirmation for the diagnosis of DED. All the images were acquired using anterior segment Spectral Domain - OCT. Measurements were calculated using ImageJ. IBM SPSS Statistics was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was achieved if p value was 0.05). Tear meniscus area and height for each eye and the difference between the eyes reported no significant difference between the healthy and the DED volunteers. Conclusion. Tear film thickness does not record statistically significant differences between the DED and the healthy group, and neither does the sagittal area, the tear film height, or the difference between them when acquired with OCT. Abbreviations DED = dry eye disease, ASOCT = anterior segment optical coherence tomography, REFT = right eye tear film thickness, LEFT = left eye tear film thickness, DifFT = difference between the two eyes for tear film thickness, RETMA = right eye tear meniscus area, LETMA = left eye tear meniscus area, DifTMA = difference between the two eyes for tear meniscus area, RETMH = right eye tear meniscus height, LETMH = left eye tear meniscus height, DifTMH = difference between the two eyes for tear meniscus height.Importance Globe salvage marks the treatment success of retinoblastoma. Background To evaluate four treatment strategies in group D and group E retinoblastoma. Design Retrospective case series in a tertiary hospital. Participants 81 patients with Group D and Group E retinoblastoma. Methods Participants were divided into four sets. In set I, eyes received primary intravenous chemotherapy (IVC), cryotherapy (CT), laser therapy (LT) and Intravitreal Chemotherapy with Melphalan (IViC). In set II, primary IVC was combined with second line IVC, CT, LT and IVT-M. Set III eyes received primary IVC and Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC), CT, LT and IViC. Set IV eyes received IAC, CT, LT and IViC. Treatment failure was defined as inadequate response during or after IVC or IAC. Main Outcome Measures globe salvage and enucleation rates. Results 52 eyes were included in group D and 29 in group E. In group D, globe salvage was obtained in 8 out of 11 eyes in Set I, 13 out of 19 eyes in set II, 5 out 6 eyes in set III, and 13 out of 16 eyes in set IV.