Hwangayers2203

Autopsy demonstrated fronto-parietal predominant dysgyria, bilateral ventriculomegaly, hippocampal and CC hypoplasia, abnormal Sylvian fissure. JNK inhibitor Lamination and neuron morphology in the areas of dysgyria were normal. CONCLUSIONS TUBB3 related cortical malformations can be mild, consistent with dysgyria rather than typical pachygyria or polymicrogyria. The autopsy findings in fetal TUBB3 related dysgyria are abnormal orientation of sulci and gyri, but normal neuron morphology and layering. We suggest that TUBB3 - associated brain malformations can be suspected in-utero which in turn can aid in prognostic counselling and interpretation of genetic testing. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a 12-week aquatic cycling training program for improving knee pain and physical functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN Two-arm, single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. SETTINGS OA outpatient clinic of the Maastricht University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=111, 50-70 years old) with unilateral mild to moderate knee OA. INTERVENTIONS Participants (AC, n=55) received aquatic cycling sessions of 45 min twice-weekly. Each session combined up-right seated cycling with out-of-saddle positions and exercises for the upper and lower body. The usual care group (UC, n=47) continued with usual care and was offered twelve aquatic cycling sessions in a local swimming pool after their trial participation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) on knee pain and physical function was assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 24-weeks follow-up. Multilevel (mixed regression) analysis examined the effects. RESULTS Average attendance rate for the aquatic cycling sessions was 80%. Statistically significant differences at post-intervention and follow-up were found for knee pain (UC pretest 57.89 ±15.26, posttest 55.90 ±18.04, follow-up 57.24 ±19.16; AC pretest 56.96 ±12.96, posttest 63.55 ±15.33, follow-up 64.35 ±17.26, Estimate 8.16, SE 3.27, 95% CI 1.67 to 14.64; ES = 0.50) and physical functioning (UC pretest 66.32 ±16.28, posttest 66.80 ±19.04, follow-up 65.42 ±17.98; AC pretest 61.89 ±17.151, posttest 70.14 ±17.52, follow-up 69.00 ±16.84, Estimate 7.16, SE 3.19, 95% CI 0.83-13.49, ES = 0.43) in favour of the aquatic group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that a 12-week aquatic cycling training programme improves self-reported knee pain and physical functioning in patients with mild to moderate knee OA compared to usual care. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between disease-related risk factors, protective factors, coping and resilience on quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN Quantitative descriptive research employing structural equation modeling. SETTING Online survey fielded to community members associated with the Greater New England Chapter of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of two hundred seventy-one individuals with MS INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The Leeds Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (LMSQoL) was the primary outcome. Other measures entered into the model included the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and COPE modeled as two latent variables, emotion-based coping and problem-based coping. Disability level, fatigue, walking impairment, fear of falling, falls, and pain were modeled as a latent variable for risk factors while physical activity, self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and health locus of control were modeled as a latent vlife in individuals with MS. Purification and structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide fraction from Chaenomeles speciosa seeds were investigated. After hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, the crude polysaccharide was sequentially purified with Cellulose DEAE-52 and gel-filtration chromatography, and a highly purified polysaccharide fraction (F3) was obtained. The structure of F3 was characterized by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, together with methylation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and Congo-red test analysis. The results indicated that F3 was a homogeneous polysaccharide fraction with a molecular weight of 8.65 × 106 Da, and it was composed of Rha, GlcA, Gal, and Ara in a molar ratio of 6.345.7347.1440.13. The backbone of F3 was consisted of →3,6)-Galp-(1→, and the side chains of F3 were composed of Araf-(1→, →4)-GlcpA-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→ and →3)-Rhap-(1→. The hypoglycemic assays demonstrated F3 had good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, and their IC50 values were 6.24 mg/mL and 4.59 mg/mL respectively. Thus, the polysaccharide from Chaenomeles speciose could be applied as a potential natural source in retarding postprandial hyperglycemia effects. Inulin (IN), as a classic diagnostic for determination of glomerular filtration rate, reached high concentration in kidney. Introducing drug into IN derivatives may be a new method to target kidney for drug delivery. To test the hypothesis, ferulic acid (FeA) was conjugated into IN by ester bond and amide bond (ethylenediamine as spacer), respectively, and the two FeA-IN conjugations, inulin ferulate (IN-FeA) and inulin ethylenediamine ferulate (IN-EDA-FeA) were obtained. NMR spectrum was involved to characterize the conjugations. The FeA in vitro release profiles were tested in mice plasma and renal homogenate. Finally, the biodistribution test was performed to evaluate their renal-targeting ability. Both IN-FeA and IN-EDA-FeA showed a higher release rate of FeA in renal homogenate than in mouse plasma suggesting the conjugates are relatively stable in plasma and more likely FeA release in kidney. The renal area under the curve (AUC) for IN-FeA and IN-EDA-FeA were 539.6 ± 107.9 and 558.5 ± 131.6 μg h/mL, respectively, which were 4.47 and 4.62 times of 120.8 ± 18.1 μg h/mL for free FeA. Meanwhile, significant smaller FeA accumulation in other organs was observed. These data indicated that IN-FeA and IN-EDA-FeA effectively targeted kidney for FeA delivery.