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d BCIs, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature review on the topic. In addition to providing a joint discussion of the advances in the field, some future lines of research are suggested to contribute to the development of reliable plug-and-play c-VEP-based BCIs.Controllable synthesis, proper dispersion, and feasible functionalization are crucial requirements for the application of nanomaterials in many scenarios. Here, we report an all-in-one approach for the synthesis and functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the simplest β-diketone, acetylacetone (AcAc). With this approach, the particle size of the resultant AuNPs was tunable by simply adjusting the light intensity or AcAc dosage. Moreover, owing to the capping role of AcAc, the resultant AuNPs could be stably dispersed in water for a year without obvious change in morphology and photochemical property. Formation of ligand to metal charge transfer complexes was found to play an important role in the redox conversion of Au with AcAc. Meanwhile, the moderate complexation ability enables the surface AcAc on the AuNPs to undergo ligand exchange reactions. With the aid of Ag+, the AuNPs underwent ligand exchange reaction with glutathione and exhibited enhanced photoluminescence (PL) with a maximum of 22-fold increase in PL intensity. The PL response was linear to the concentration of glutathione in the range of 0~500 μM. Such a ligand exchange reaction makes the obtained AuNPs being good imaging probes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on illustrating the roles of AcAc as a multifunctional ligand in fabrication of NPs, which sheds new light on the surface modulation in synthesis of nanomaterials.Photochemical conversion of CO2 into solar fuels is one of the promising strategies to reducing the CO2 emission and developing a sustainable carbon economy. For the more efficient utilization of solar spectrum, several approaches were adopted to pursue the visible-light-driven SrTiO3. Herein, oxygen vacancy was introduced over the commercial SrTiO3 (SrTiO3-x) via the NaBH4 thermal treatment, to extend the light absorption and promote the CO2 adsorption over SrTiO3. Due to the mid-gap states resulted from the oxygen deficiency, combined with the intrinsic energy level of SrTiO3, the SrTiO3-x catalyst exhibited excellent CO productivity (4.1 molˑg-1ˑh-1) and stability from the CO2 photodissociation under the visible-light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). Then, surface alkalization over SrTiO3-x (OH-SrTiO3-x) was carried out to further enhance the CO2 adsorption/activation over the surface base sites and provide the OH ions as hole acceptor, the surface alkali OH connected with Sr site of SrTiO3 could also weaken the Sr-O bonding thus facilitate the regeneration of surface oxygen vacancy under the light illumination, thus resulting in 1.5 times higher CO productivity additionally. This study demonstrates that the synergetic modulation of alkali OH and oxygen vacancy over SrTiO3 could largely promote the CO2 photodissociation activity.In this work, a SiGeSn/GeSn/SiGeSn single quantum well was grown and characterized. The sample has a thicker GeSn well of 22 nm compared to our previously reported 9-nm well configuration. The thicker well leads to i) lowered ground energy level in Γ valley offering more bandgap directness; ii) increased carrier density in the well; and iii) improved carrier collection due to increased barrier height. As a result, significantly enhanced emission from the quantum well was observed. The strong photoluminescence signal allows for the estimation of quantum efficiency, which was unattainable in previous studies. Using pumping-power-dependent photoluminescence spectra at 20 K, the peak spontaneous quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency were measured as 37.9% and 1.45%, respectively.Thermal annealing temperature and time dictate the microstructure of semiconductor materials such as silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs). Herein, atom probe tomography (APT) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to understand the thermal annealing temperature effects on Si NCs grown in a SiO2matrix and the distribution behaviour of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) dopant atoms. The APT results demonstrate that raising the annealing temperature promotes growth and increased P concentration of the Si NCs. The data also shows that the thermal annealing does not promote the incorporation of B atoms into Si NCs. Instead, B atoms tend to locate at the interface between the Si NCs and SiO2matrix. The DFT calculations support the APT data and reveal that oxygen vacancies regulate Si NC growth and dopant distribution. selleck compound This study provides the detailed microstructure of p-type, intrinsic, and n-type Si NCs with changing annealing temperature and highlights how B and P dopants preferentially locate with respect to the Si NCs embedded in the SiO2matrix with the aid of oxygen vacancies. These findings will guide us towards future optoelectronic applications.

Analysis of relative changes in the shapes of pulse waveform of intracranial pressure (ICP) and transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) may provide information on intracranial compliance. We tested this hypothesis, introducing an index named the Ratio of Pulse Slopes (RPS) that is based on inclinations of the ascending parts of ICP and CBFV pulse waveforms. It has hypothetically a simple interpretation 1 - good compliance, the less than 1, reduced compliance. Here, we investigated the usefulness of RPS for intracranial compliance assessment.

ICP and CBFV signals recorded simultaneously in 30 normal pressure hydrocephalus patients during infusion test were retrospectively analysed. CBFV was measured in the middle cerebral artery. Changes in RPS during the test were compared to changes in the height ratio of the first and second peak of ICP pulse (P1/P2) and the shape of ICP pulse classified from normal (1) to pathological (4). Values are medians (lower, upper quartiles).

There was a significant correlation between baseline RPS and brain elasticity (R = -0.55, p=0.0018). During infusion test, both RPS and P1/P2 decreased with rising ICP (RPS 0.80 (0.56, 0.92) vs. 0.63 (0.44, 0.80), p = 0.00015; P1/P2 0.58 (0.50, 0.91) vs. 0.52 (0.36, 071), p=0.00009) while the ICP pulses became more pathological in shape (class 3 (2, 3) vs. 3 (3, 4), p=0.04). The magnitude of decrease in RPS during infusion was inversely correlated with baseline P1/P2 (R= -0.40, p<0.03).

During infusion, the slopes of ascending parts of ICP and CBFV pulses become increasingly divergent with a shift in opposite directions. RPS seems a promising methodological tool to monitor brain compliance with no additional volumetric manipulation required.

During infusion, the slopes of ascending parts of ICP and CBFV pulses become increasingly divergent with a shift in opposite directions. RPS seems a promising methodological tool to monitor brain compliance with no additional volumetric manipulation required.

Advanced hemodynamic monitoring systems have provided less invasive methods for estimating pressure-derived measurements such as pressure-derived cardiac output (CO) measurements. These devices apply algorithms to arterial pressure waveforms recorded via pressure recording components that transmit the pressure signal to a pressure monitor. While standards have been developed for pressure monitoring equipment, it's unclear how the equipment-induced error can affect secondary measurements from pressure waveforms. We propose an approach for modelling different components of a pressure monitoring system and use this model-based approach to investigate the effect of different pressure recording configurations on pressure-derived hemodynamic measurements.

The proposed model-based approach is a three step process. 1) modelling the response of pressure recording components using bench tests; 2) verifying the identified models through nonparametric equivalence tests; and 3) assessing the effects of pressure record a tool to quantify the performance of pressure recording systems with different dynamic properties. This approach can be applied to investigate the effects of physiologic signal recording configurations on various pressure-derived hemodynamic measurements.The development of new electromagnetic interference materials has attracted much attention in the information warfare. Herein, a novel KPA@Fe3O4 composite particle was synthesized via a microcrystalline co-precipitation method. X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopes and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements were used to characterize the products. The results indicated that the surface of the potassium picrate (KPA) crystals was covered by magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and composite particles exhibited excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the composite particles was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed that the composite particles inherited the energetic property of pure KPA crystals when the mass fraction of magnetic component was 50%, or 65%. As for the composite particles with 75% magnetic component, the thermal stability of was poor. In addition, the magnetic directional aggregation performance of composite particles was analyzed by dynamic simulation, which moved toward the magnetic source. For the composite particles with 50% magnetic component, the maximum concentration was about 63 times of the initial concentration, and the peak velocity was 0.63 m/s. With the mass fraction of magnetic component increasing to 65%, the concentration and velocity of the composite particles generally increased at the corresponding moment. As the mass fraction of magnetic component increased to 75%, the change of them was not obvious. Therefore, the composite particles with Fe3O4/KPA mass ratios of 65/35 had the best comprehensive properties. The excellent energetic and magnetic directional aggregation properties can allow the composites to be used in many potential applications in the information warfare.The electrode material is vital for the performance of the electrochemical biosensor. Lately, many nanomaterials have been developed to improve the sensitivity and detection efficiency of the biosensors. In this work, a kind of one-dimensional nanomaterials, the CuPt alloy nanotubes with an open end (CuPt alloy NTs-AOE), was explored. The nanotubes with an open end can provide a larger electrochemical active surface area and more active sites for the immobilization of enzyme. The CuPt alloy displays excellent conductivity and catalytic activity. In addition, the Cu shows the great affinity to thio-compounds, which can greatly enhance the detection efficiency and sensitivity. As a result, the prepared biosensor demonstrates the wider linear range of 9.98×10-10 - 9.98×10-5 g/L for fenitrothion and 9.94×10-11 - 9.94×10-4 g/L for dichlorvos (as model OPs ) and with the lower detection limit of 1.84 ×10-10 g/L and 6.31×10-12 g/L (S/N = 3), respectively. Besides, the biosensor has been used to detect the real samples and obtains satisfactory recoveries (95.58 % - 100.56 %).The active practical application of materials based on cubic zirconium dioxide (c-ZrO2) for catalysis, luminescence, and sorption of heavy metals demands the development of methods for its preparation in a nanostructured form. In this work, nanoparticles of undoped cubic zirconia were obtained by solution combustion method, the features of their structure and morphology were investigated, and the efficiency of their use as a basis for sorbents for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. Based on XPS, it was established that the stabilization of the high-temperature cubic phase of c-ZrO2 occurred due to multiple oxygen vacancies which were formed during the synthesis by glycine-nitrate combustion. The results of PXRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the cubic structure of the obtained zirconium dioxide nanoparticles, the average crystallite size was approximately 2 nm. Adsorption structural analysis and SEM indicated aggregation of c-ZrO2 nanocrystals into primary (45-95 nm) and secondary (submicron) agglomerates.