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These findings are equally applicable to applications like emulsions and enhanced oil recovery.

The existence of a previously undocumented regime of delayed coalescence is reported. A novel application of the inertia-visco-capillary (I-V-C) scale collapses all experimental coalescence data on a single line while the early stage spreading is found to be either oscillatory or asymptotically reaching a constant value, depending on the viscosity of the oil drop unlike the well documented monotonic, power law late-time spreading behavior. These findings are equally applicable to applications like emulsions and enhanced oil recovery.Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are at the forefront of metal-free electrocatalysts, however, the performance is still limited due to lack of functionality and dispersion. Coupling of MWCNTs with nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) can impart the required active sites and dispersion. For the purpose, NCQDs are generally attached to MWCNTs by multistep processing, such as NCQDs synthesis, followed by their complex purification, surface activation, and crosslinking with MWCNT. The scalability of such a multistep process is limited, which is addressed by direct microwave-assisted growth of NCQDs on MWCNT. The concentration of reactants of NCQDs synthesis was optimized (with respect to MWCNTs), to achieve controlled direct growth of NCQDs on MWCNTs. The proposed strategy significantly reduced time and energy consumption, along with providing an overlapped interface for the fast charge transfer. Moreover, NCQDs' growth effectively modulated the surface reactivity and internal band structure of the MWCNTs. In response, dye-sensitized solar cells employing NCQDs modified MWCNT as a counter electrode showed 50% higher photovoltaic performance as compared to bare MWCNTs.Most cities in China are experiencing severe air pollution due to rapid economic development and accelerated industrialization. Exposure to various air pollutants has been related to acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, less is known about the spatial association between air pollution and AECOPD hospitalizations in the Yangtze River delta (YRD) economic and industrial region. Jinhua city is located in the YRD region of East China, in the middle of Zhejiang province. For the first time, 1563 AECOPD hospitalization cases in Jinhua during 2019 were enrolled in our analysis. The spatial distribution of six pollutants (SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2) and the population temporal-spatial specific air pollutant exposure levels were estimated using the ordinary Kriging model through geographic information system (GIS). Global Moran's I was used to explore the spatial association between ambient air pollutants and AECOPD hospitalizations. The Z-scores of residential SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, O3, and NO2 levels were 31.88, 42.95, 45.90, 32.29, 52.18, and 34.59, respectively. The concentrations of six monitored pollutants and AECOPD hospitalizations showed statistically significant spatial clustering. A generalized linear model (GLM) using a Poisson distribution with the log-link function was used to construct a core model. After adjusting for potential confounders in the model, residential SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations were significantly associated with increased AECOPD hospitalizations.4- Nitrophenol (4-NP) is a top rated hazardous environmental pollutant and secondary explosive chemicals. For the sake of ecology and environment safety, the catalytic reduction and detection of 4-NP is highly important. In this work, ɤ-Fe2O3-nitrogen doped rGO (ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO) nanohydrogel was synthesized by green hydrothermal method. The morphology and phase purity of prepared ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO nanohydrogel were confirmed by various analytical (SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS) and electrochemical techniques. The morphological structure of ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO nanohydrogel confirmed that the nanocrystals are well covered over the 2D N-rGO layer. Further, ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO nanohydrogel was applied for the catalytic reduction and electrochemical detection of ecotoxic 4-NP. A low cost, ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO nanohydrogel displayed an excellent catalytic activity, high recyclability (>5 cycles) and high conversion efficiency of 4-NP to 4-Aminophenol (4-AP). In addition, ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO nanohydrogel modified GCE displayed a wide linear sensing range (0.1-1000 μM), and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.1 μM with excellent sensitivity, high selectivity (4 weeks). The developed sensor electrode shows the low reduction potential of -0.3 V and -0.60 V for the determination of 4-NP. The proposed ɤ-Fe2O3-N-rGO nanohydrogel is promising catalyst for the detection and removal of toxic aromatic nitro compounds in real site applications.The lead-zinc areas of China have faced serious foulteousqulated heavy metal pollution. In this study, data on As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in China's lead-zinc mine tailings were collected and screened from published literature (2015-2020). The contamination assessments, geographical distributions, and health risk assessments of the eight heavy metals were analyzed. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeded the corresponding background values for soils. Moreover, most of the lead-zinc mine tailing areas contaminated by heavy metals were located in the southern and eastern regions of China. The health risk assessment results indicated that oral ingestion was the main exposure route of heavy metals in the mine tailings, and children were more vulnerable to adverse effects. For a single metal, As and Pb presented high non-carcinogenic risks, and As and Cu presented the unacceptable carcinogenic risks. This study provides a timely analysis proving the urgent necessity of the treatment of heavy metal pollution in lead-zinc tailings in China.The removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater is essential as they pose serious threats to human health and the environment. In this study, novel poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-alpha-zirconium phosphate (PVDF-α-ZrP) mixed matrix membranes (MMM) were prepared via the phase inversion method. Membranes with different α-ZrP nanoparticles (NPs) loadings (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 wt%) were fabricated. The impacts of α-ZrP NP loading on the membrane's morphology, functionality, surface charge, and hydrophilicity were evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to verify the presence of α-ZrP NPs in the fabricated membranes. TP-1454 solubility dmso The PVDF membranes became more hydrophilic after incorporating the α-ZrP NPs. The thermal and mechanical stability and porosity of the PVDF-α-ZrP MMM were higher than those of the pristine PVDF membrane. The increased hydrophilicity, pore size and porosity and reduced surface roughness of the PVDF-α-ZrP membrane led to significant flux increase and reduced fouling propensity.