Macleanhay8854

Together, L. japonica fucoidan exhibits potent antitumor effects by its attenuation of invasiveness and proangiogenesis in TNBC. Naturally occurring many biological structures have provided sources of inspiration for the fabrication of many novel nanostructures for various applications. Electrospun nano/microfibrous structures have great potential as scaffolds for cell attachment and proliferation in the field of tissue engineering. Here, for the first time, we report on the preparation of three-dimensional (3D) fungal mycelial mats with chitin-glucan polysaccharide cell walls as nano/microfibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Treatment of fungal-scaffolds (F-scaffolds) with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) improved hemocompatibility, and conferred biocompatibility with respect to the adhesion and proliferation of human keratinocytes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of BME-treated F-scaffolds revealed a meshwork of nano- and micro-fibrous mycelial structures with an average diameter of 2.94 ± 0.96 μm (range 0.92-5.6 μm). Tensile testing showed F-scaffolds had a mean tensile strength of 0.192 ± 0.07 MPa and a mean elongation at break of 10.74 ± 2.53%, respectively. The degradation rate of the F-scaffolds showed ~19.2 ± 1.9% weight loss in 28 days. FE-SEM of BME-treated F-scaffolds seeded with keratinocytes showed deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the formation of cell sheets in 14 days. In addition, the in vitro cytocompatibility of BME-treated F-scaffolds with keratinocytes was analyzed using resazurin-based assay, which showed a time-dependent increase in metabolic activity up to culture day 21. Overall, this novel investigation shows that filamentous fungal mats with a nano/microfibrous mycelial architecture are potentially useful for tissue engineering applications. Temporomandibular disorder is a clinical painful condition in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. The purified sulfated polysaccharide from the green marine algae Caulerpa racemosa (Cr) has provided anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. This study evaluated these effects on a TMJ hypernociception model. Wistar rats (180 - 250 g) were pre-treated (i.v.) with Cr at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg or vehicle 30 min before formalin (1.5%/50 μL, i.art.), capsaicin (1.5%/20 μL, i.art.), or serotonin (225 μg/50 μL, i.art.) in the TMJ, and nociceptive behaviors were measured for 45 or 30 min upon inflammatory stimuli. Inflammatory parameters vascular permeability assay, TNF-α, and IL-1β by ELISA, protein expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and CD55 by Western blot were assessed. The involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways were assessed by pharmacological inhibition. Cr (1 mg/kg) reduced nociceptive behavior, plasmatic extravasation, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, as well as ICAM-1 and CD55 expression in periarticular tissues. Cr antinociceptive effect was not prevented by aminoguanidine, but ZnPP-IX did reduce its antinociceptive effect. Therefore, Cr antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in this experimental model of hypernociception depended on the HO-1 pathway integrity, as well as reducing peripheral inflammatory events, e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines levels, ICAM-1 and CD55 expression. V.The anti-tumor activity of extracted exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (without any side effects) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line has not been previously investigated. The extraction and partial characterization of EPS from the strains of P. aeruginosa including A (CIP A22(PTCC1310)), and B (a clinical strain) were performed. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assays as well as microscopy were used to estimate the cell viability and morphological changes in HT-29 cells subjected to EPS at 0, 7.6, 15.8, 31.2, 62.5 and 125 μg/ml. The apoptotic effects of EPS were also examined by flow cytometry. The EPSs were found to be cytotoxic against HT-29 cells with IC50 values at 44.8 (EPS-A) and 12.7 (EPS-B) μg/ml. The counteraction of 125 μg/ml of EPS-A (87.5 and 56.7%) and EPS-B (86.7 and 59.2%) resulted in the highest repressive rates using the MTT and SRB assays, respectively. Flow cytometric results showed that EPS-A and EPS-B could induce apoptosis (33% and 39%) and necrosis (65% and 59%). The extracted EPSs of both bacterial strains can be used as natural, effective, efficient and anti-cancer drugs. However, more characterization at molecular and structural levels in this respect may be required. In this work, cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were extracted from sawdust, which is an underutilized by-product from the wood and timber industry. The extracted CNFs by chemical and mechanical treatments had a web-like structure with diameters ranging between 2 nm and 27 nm and lengths reaching a few microns. The obtained CNFs were further chemically modified with vegetable canola oil using two different esterification processes. In order to compare the effect of the surface modification of CNFs, the nanopapers were prepared from their prospective suspensions through solvent evaporation method, and then characterize with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis spectroscopy and tensile tester. FTIR results indicated that both methods led to a successful grafting of the long chain hydrocarbon structure onto the CNFs, and became more hydrophobic when compared to unmodified CNFs-based nanopapers. The crystallinity, mechanical, light transmittance and thermal properties were significantly affected primarily by the esterification method employed, thus the degree of substitution. It was found that high degree of substitution adversely affected the crystallinity, light transmittance, mechanical and thermal properties. The crystallinity decreased from 70% to less then 40% when the degree of substation was about 0.8. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, hydrophilic, non- ionic water soluble derivative of cellulose. It is broadly used in biomedical field, paint industry, as a soil amendment in agriculture, coal dewatering, cosmetics, absorbent pads, wastewater treatment and gel electrolyte membranes. Industrial uses of HEC can be extended by the its grafting with different polymers including poly acrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polylactic acid, polyethyleneglycol, polydimethyleamide, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid and dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate. This permits the formation of new biomaterials with improved properties and versatile applications. In this article, a comprehensive overview of graft copolymers of HEC with other polymers/compounds and their applications in drug delivery, stimuli sensitive hydrogels, super absorbents, personal hygiene products and coal dewatering is presented. selleck inhibitor This research displayed the structures and thermomechanical feature of starch-based nanocomposites as induced by interaction between propionylated amylose/amylopectin and nanofiller (organically modified montmorillonite). Propionylated amylose incorporated with nanofiller caused some phase separation within the nanocomposites. By contrast, highly-branched propionylated amylopectin favored nanofiller dispersion and disrupted its crystalline structure, and further facilitated certain exfoliated or intercalated structures. Based on these structures, propionylated amylose-rich nanocomposites showed enhanced β-relaxation in the induced "plasticizer-rich" regions, whereas the propionylated amylopectin nanocomposites displayed higher glass-transition temperature due to restricted macromolecular mobility. These results suggested that the structures and further packaging properties of starch-based nanocomposites could be better understood by controlling the interaction of starch with other ingredients. Polysaccharide (HFSGF) was purified from Sargassum fusiforme. Autohydrolysis and gel column chromatography were performed to fractionate HFSGF into three components (HFSGF-S, HFSGF-L and HFSGF-H). Compositional analysis, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to elucidate the structural features of HFSGF. HFSGF-S was a mixture of sulfated galacto-fuco-oligomers, from the branches terminal ends; in HFSGF-L, the branches of HFSGF, was a sulfated galactofucan, containing a backbone of 1,3-linked α-L-fucan sulfated at C2/4 and/or C4 and interspersed with galactose (Gal); and in HFSGF-H, the backbone of HFSGF, was composed of alternating 1,2-linked α-D-mannose (Man) and 1,4-linked β-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), branched with sulfated galactofucan or sulfated fucan, 1,3-linked α-L-fucan sulfated at C2/4 and/or C4 and partly interspersed with Gal. Some fucose (Fuc) residues were also partially branched with xylose (Xyl). The anti-lung cancer activities of HFSGF-L and HFSGF-H against human lung cancer A549 cells in vitro and A549 xenograft tumor growth in vivo were determined. HFSGF-H had higher activity in vitro (IC50 ~12 mg/mL for 24 h) and in vivo (tumor inhibition ~51%.) than HFSGF-L, indicating that HFSGF-H might be a leading compound for a potential new therapeutics for the treatment of lung cancer. According to different sources, structures, digestive properties and applications, resistant starch (RS) can be divided into five categories. The Influencing factors of RS mainly include intrinsic properties and external factors. The intrinsic properties include crystal type, granular structure, and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin. The external factors include chemical constituents and processing conditions. The characteristics of RS and its physiological effects on the human body could affect cereal food products to make functional foods with different application. In this paper, five kinds of RS classification, important physiological effects and related application in cereal production are analyzed and summarized. When added to dough, bread, noodle, steamed bread, RS could affect the nutritional value and texture characteristics of food. Sciaridae is a family of great species diversity, distributed worldwide, that includes important agricultural pests of cultivated mushrooms and plants produced in greenhouses. Here we sequenced five nearly complete mitochondrial genomes representing three subfamilies of Sciaridae. The lengths of these mitogenomes range from 13,849 bp to 16,923 bp with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20-22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a control region (CR). Compared with other dipteran species, rearrangements in Sciaridae are more common. Inversion or transition is observed frequently of trnL2, and in the tRNA clusters trnI-trnQ-trnM, trnW-trnC-trnY, and trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF. Phylogenetic relationships within the family were reconstructed based on these newly sequenced species, combined with the published mitogenomes of related families, and recovered the topology within Sciaroidea as Cecidomyiidae + (Sciaridae + Keroplatidae). Relationships recovered within Sciaridae were Sciarinae + ('Pseudolycoriella group' + Megalosphyinae).