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625; p less then 0.001) were statistically significant predictors of behavioral intention. Also, of the ETRA variables, only self-efficacy (standardized regression weight=0.482; p=0.001) was significantly predictor of self-care behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, self-efficacy was found effective in improving health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therfore, healthcare providers may be considering self-efficacy as an important factor while devoloping educational intervention aiming at improving self-care behaviors among rural farmers type 2 diabetic patients.BACKGROUND Although the benefits and importance of vaccination before and right after pregnancy, are well known, vaccination coverage among pregnant women remains very low. The aim of our study was to evaluate pregnant women's knowledge and attitude towards vaccination. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study was performed from October 2018 to June 2019 at the University of Messina. METHODS We gave pregnant women >18 years old a non-self-compiling paper questionnaire. We stratified the sample according to age (8 years of school attendance). All possible correlations between collected data were analysed using software R. RESULTS The sample included 156 women (mean age 32±0.49 years old). Only 1.4% of the subjects were aware of all the vaccines indicated for children. Luckily, 86.7% of the sample had a positive attitude, believing in the effectiveness and safety of immunization, despite a limited lack of confidence and a belief in false myths was expressed by some of the subjects. Interestingly, results showed that information about vaccination were more frequently obtained from family/friends (52.6%), mass media (49.1%), blogs/forums (19.3%), rather than from medical institutions (only 17.5%) or the family physician (only 35.0%), reflecting the quality of the information obtained. CONCLUSIONS Our results proved that a general positive attitude emerged among our sample towards vaccination, however, correct information was not always provided to women, making it a crucial issue for public health in the future.BACKGROUND Seasonal influenza is a highly contagious infection that might lead to serious clinical complications and incurs a conspicuous socio-economic impact. Influenza vaccination is currently recommended only for specific groups of healthy adults (such as healthcare workers) even though it was demonstrated to be effective in reducing absenteeism and decreased workers' productivity during flu epidemic period. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the extent of absences due to illness following a voluntary flu immunization program among the Komatsu Italia Manufacturing company's personnel during the flu season 2017-2018. Secondly, we aimed at performing a cost-benefit analysis of the vaccination campaign from the company's perspective. STUDY DESIGN This is an observational cohort study conducted during the period between the 14th week of 2017 and the 13th week of 2018 (from 03/04/2017 to 01/04/2018). The study population was the personnel of Komatsu Italia Manufacturing S.p.A. Avapritinib on duty during the stud). The monthly mean cost for sickness absences per employee was significantly higher for an unvaccinated subject compared to one vaccinated, respectively € 129.00 and € 54.00 (p = 0.028). The overall net saving estimated was € 314.00 per person vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination proved to be an extraordinary preventive tool and a cost-effective intervention. However, influenza immunization seems to be unappealing among healthy adults and higher flu vaccination coverages could be achieved through educational interventions possibly addressing young employees who showed little interest in vaccination. Finally, among health promotion interventions, companies should point out the importance of flu vaccination both for the individual wellbeing and the company environment.INTRODUCTION The role of vaccinations is widely acknowledged. However, over the last decades, an alarming reduction in immunization coverage and a rising number of reported cases of vaccine-preventable diseases have been recorded. This multicentre cross-sectional study aimed at examining whether there is an association between self-reported vaccination knowledge and the immunization behaviour of Health Sciences students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed, using a validated questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression with stepwise backward selection process with a univariate p-value less then 0.25 as the main criterion was used. The level of significance chosen for statistical analysis was 0.05. RESULTS The sample consisted of 3,131 students (68.1% females). 38.9% of them are medicine and surgery students and 33.1% are nursing students. The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that, regarding the "suboptimal level of knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases ", the main and statistically significant independent variables associated are older age (OR 1.56), having developed a vaccine-preventable disease in the last 5 years (OR 1.38), having been vaccinated against seasonal influenza last year (OR 0.70), having recommended the vaccination to patients or family members during the last influenza season based on clinical evaluation (OR 0.53) and according to the ministerial indications (OR 0.48), planning of recommending the influenza vaccination during the next season based on clinical evaluation (OR 0.67) and according to the ministerial indications (OR 0.69). DISCUSSION The study highlighted the importance of academic education on vaccinations in order to build a future generation of health care workers that are aware not only of the usefulness of immunization, but particularly of the major role played by health professionals in promoting a vaccination culture among the general population.Vaccine Literacy (VL) is based on the same idea of Health Literacy (HL) it involves people's knowledge, motivation and competence to find, understand and use information to take decisions about children's and adults' vaccination. Using general measures, the association between HL and Vaccine Hesitancy has been shown to be inconsistent. HLVa-IT is a new tool, specific for the self-assessment of three VL scales, functional, interactive and critical about adults' immunization. Following a face validation process, HLVa-IT has been used to assess VL levels in a population of 50-75 years of age at the Public Health Unit of Latina (Latium, Italy). In order to validate its theoretical construct, it was administered at the same time with a Vaccine Quiz (VQ), assuming that subjects showing good knowledge about vaccination should have adequate VL. The consistent positive correlation for all three VL scales with the VQ score (Spearman's r=0.320, P=0.0004; r=0.389. P=0.0001 and r=0.306, P=0.0022, respectively), as well as with the educational degree, confirm the valid construct of HLVa-IT.