Haynessparks4290

More than 9 years since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNPPA), the impact of FDNPPA on marine biota is being revealed. In this work, the evolution of FDNPPA derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 110mAg in dolphin fishes (Coryphaena hippurus) in the Northwest Pacific from Dec. 2011 to Sept. 2018 were studied. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) of radiocesium (29-69 with the average of 48) in dolphin fishes were calculated. The background level of 137Cs in dolphin fishes ( less then 0.14 Bq/kgfresh weight) before FDNPPA was estimated. The radioactive levels of these three radionuclides in dolphin fishes decreased with time. Among them, 134Cs and 110mAg decreased at the half-lives of 158 days and 54 days at the population level, respectively. After May 2014, 134Cs and 110mAg cannot be detected and the activity of 137Cs returned to the background level before FDNPPA. Radiation dose assessment demonstrated that it was far from causing radiation harm to dolphin fishes in the open ocean of Northwest Pacific and humans who ingested them.Heavy metals generate adverse health effects by interfering with immune homeostasis and promoting inflammation in individuals. Our objective was to explore the induction of immune and inflammatory responses by multiple heavy metals in children living in the e-waste contaminated area. A total of 147 preschool children were recruited, including 73 children from Guiyu, a typical e-waste recycling area, and 74 from a reference group. Blood levels of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Immune cell counts (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes) were determined by an automatic blood cell analyzer, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were analyzed by a Luminex 200 multiplex immunoassay instrument. Multiple correspondences and linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationships between heavy metal exposure and relevant parameters. Results shows Guiyu children had higher levels of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, IL-1β and IL-6, but decreased lymphocyte, IL-1RA and IL-13. Neutrophil count was positively correlated with Pb, Cd and Hg exposure. Anti-inflammatory IL-1RA concentration was negatively related with Pb, Cd, Hg and As, while pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with Pb. Guiyu children may have dysregulated immune response and high inflammation risk. Exposure to Pb, Cd, Hg and As could be harmful for immune response and inflammatory regulation. Our finding of decreased IL-RA production in children exposed to Pb, Cd, Hg, and As is novel and could be an opportunity for future research.Chelate-assisted phytoextraction by high biomass producing macrophyte plant Typha latifolia L. commonly known as cattail, is gaining much attention worldwide. The present study investigated the effects of Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) on physiology and biochemistry of plant, Pb and Hg uptake in T. latifolia with and without citric acid (CA) amendment. The uniform seedlings of T. latifolia were treated with various concentrations in the hydroponics as Pb and Hg (1, 2.5, 5 mM) each alone and/or with CA (5 mM). After four weeks of treatments, the results revealed that Pb and Hg significantly reduced the plant agronomic traits as compare to non-treated plants. The addition of CA improved the plant physiology and enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities to overcome Pb and Hg induced oxidative damage and electrolyte leakage. Our results depicted that Pb and Hg uptake and accumulation by T. latifolia was dose depend whereas, the addition of CA further increased the concentration and accumulation of Pb and Hg by up to 22 & 35% Pb and 72 & 40% Hg in roots, 25 & 26% Pb and 85 & 60% Hg in stems and 22 & 15 Pb and 100 & 58% Hg in leaves respectively compared to Pb and Hg treated only plants. On other hand, the root-shoot translocation factor was ≥1 and bioconcentration factor was also ≥2 for both Pb & Hg. The results also revealed that T. latifolia showed greater tolerance towards Hg and accumulated higher Hg in all parts compared with Pb.The degradation performance of trichloroethylene (TCE) by sodium percarbonate (SPC) activated with citric acid (CA) chelated Fe(II) in the presence of nonionic surfactant Tween-80 was investigated. The addition of CA successfully prevented the precipitation of iron and facilitated TCE degradation. However, Tween-80 had an inhibitory effect on TCE degradation mainly due to the competition of ∗OH between Tween-80 and TCE. The effect of SPC and Fe(II) dosage on TCE degradation was also explored and the results displayed that 87.2% of TCE could be degraded in 15 min at the SPC/Fe(II)/CA/TCE molar ratio of 3/4/2/1. Free radical probe tests confirmed that both O2-∗ and ∗OH were generated in the SPC/Fe(II)/CA system. DNA Repair inhibitor Free radical scavenging tests implied that the degradation of TCE in the SPC/Fe(II)/CA system was mainly attributed to ∗OH, while O2-∗ was only partially involved in the degradation of TCE. In addition, TCE removal was suppressed with the raising of the initial solution pH from 3.0 to 9.0. The actual groundwater (containing Tween-80) tests confirmed that 93.2% of TCE degradation could be achieved at the SPC/Fe(II)/CA/TCE molar ratio of 30/40/10/1 and strongly demonstrated that the SPC/Fe(II)/CA process has potential for the in situ treatment of TCE contaminated groundwater in the presence of surfactant Tween-80. In conclusion, TCE degradation by Fe(II) activated SPC system in the presence of Tween-80 can be significantly enhanced with the addition of CA, and this finding offers an innovative direction for removing chlorinated organic contaminants from groundwater in contaminated site after surfactant solubilization treatment.Organochlorine pesticides legacies, such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), remained in sediments or soils due to their difficulty in decomposition, especially in the agricultural areas where pesticides were widely used historically. Different from the little disturbed depositional environment of lake, it was difficult for rivers to explore the timing of DDT and HCH inputs through dating sediment cores as records. Based on groundwater dating, this study ascertained the historic pollution of DDT and HCH in Taizi River basin. HCH and DDT residues in groundwater were consistent with the historical production and usage, which increased from the 1950s to the 1980s and declined from the 1980s to the 1990s. Moreover, the partitioning behaviours of HCHs and DDTs in surface water and suspended particulate matter were discussed. It was revealed that β-HCH and o,p'-DDT were more likely to attach to suspended particulate matter than other isomers. Furthermore, species sensitivity distribution curves were generated using 54 toxicity data records to assess the risk of HCHs and DDTs in water and suspended particulate matter.