Kastruppatterson0772

In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that changes in the colonic microbiota could regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. In summary, the underlying mechanism of OGAOs on alleviating colitis and colonic microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM has been intensively studied, illustrating that OGAOs could be further developed as a potential pharmaceutical agent for T2DM.Abnormal carbohydrate structures known as polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) are associated with neurological disorders, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), and aging. A hallmark of the GSD Lafora disease (LD), a fatal childhood epilepsy caused by recessive mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B genes, are cytoplasmic PGBs known as Lafora bodies (LBs). LBs result from aberrant glycogen metabolism and drive disease progression. They are abundant in brain, muscle and heart of LD patients and Epm2a-/- and Epm2b-/- mice. LBs and PGBs are histologically reminiscent of starch, semicrystalline carbohydrates synthesized for glucose storage in plants. In this study, we define LB architecture, tissue-specific differences, and dynamics. We propose a model for how small polyglucosans aggregate to form LBs. LBs are very similar to PGBs of aging and other neurological disorders, and so these studies have direct relevance to the general understanding of PGB structure and formation.The effect of the degradation induced by the solvents for cellulose cuoxam and cadoxen and its dependency on the nature of the carbonyls in oxidatively-damaged cellulosics was investigated by combining a novel approach of sample regeneration and gel permeation chromatography coupled with carbonyl-selective labelling for reliable molecular characterization. The type of cellulosic pulp, degree and mode of oxidation and dissolution time were considered. Results show that the main discriminating factors in determining the degradation of oxidatively-damaged celluloses in alkaline dissolving media are (1) the type of pulp, i.e. hemicellulose-containing pulps are more severely compromised; (2) of particular relevance, the prior oxidation mechanism, meaning not only the amount of oxidized moieties (greater oxidation, greater solvent-induced damage) but also their position on the chains (i.e. peroxide-oxidized cellulose is more unstable than hypochlorite-oxidized cellulose).Graphene oxide (GO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added to furcellaran films (FUR). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reducing AgNO3 using a FUR matrix as the stabilising agent. The structure and surface morphology of nanocomposite films were obtained using FTIR, SEM and XRD. The molecular weights of furcellaran chains were estimated using HPSEC-MALLS-RI. Characterisation of the films was undertaken to analyse their physical, mechanical and structural properties. SEM analysis revealed that GO, MWCNTs and AgNPs were evenly distributed throughout the FUR surface. FUR + AgNP films showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus were the most affected with effective growth inhibition using the disc diffusion method. In the study, the effect of nanofillers on the structural, thermal, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of furcellaran films as potential materials for food packaging is presented.The diversification of environment congenial and conservative nanocomposites is prestigious because of increasing contamination in biota. Poly (D-glucosamine), a natural biopolymer is contemplated as a promising biodegradable polysaccharide for various applications mainly in food packaging, bone substitutes, and water filtration. The drawback of poly (D-glucosamine) is nadir mechanical strength and high hydrophilicity which could be amended by the introduction of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (shows excellent load transfer). Homogeneous distribution and well dispersion of GO nanoparticles in poly (D-glucosamine) matrix have been concluded by SEM investigation. Inclusions of 1% GO into the biopolymer matrix results in enhancement of 83.21 MPa of tensile strength in contrary to pristine poly (D-glucosamine). selleck It can be elucidated that increment in properties is due to the crosslinking reaction takes place between the amine and epoxide moieties that exist within poly (D-glucosamine) matrix and GO respectively. The thermal stability of nanocomposites has been increased on addition of nanofiller confirmed by TGA analysis. The resultant nanocomposites were examined for antimicrobial screening against various contagious bacterial strains for packaging applications. Electrochemical characteristics and capacitive investigation of the composites were also studied using cyclic voltammetry and impedance (EIS) respectively. EIS elucidated that the nanocomposite modified electrode exhibited good capacitance behaviour with the Bode phase angle (-45°) which proves the candidates have good capacitive properties. The electrocatalytic properties are found to be diffusion controlled in alkaline medium with good electrical conductivity with low resistance. It is envisioned that the resultant bionanocomposite has potential applications in packaging industry.Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has dual-selectivity and hence is promising in cancer treatment. Since the scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) on TAMs can recognize polyanions, two molecular-weight sodium alginates (SA1, 41.2 kDa; SA2, 1231.5 kDa) were herein respectively conjugated with 1-[4-(2-aminoethyl) phenoxy] zinc (II) phthalocyanine (1) and two novel conjugates were obtained, characterized and evaluated for their TAMs-targeted PDT efficacy. The SA introduction makes 1 water-soluble, less aggregated and capable of emitting considerable fluorescence in water. Compared with 1, both conjugates, especially 1-SA1, can give higher selectivity and photocytotoxicity to SR-A-positive macrophages J774A.1 than SR-A-negative HepG2 cells. The in vivo biodistribution evaluation shows both conjugates can selectively accumulate at the tumor site and 1-SA1 owns higher tumor accumulation. 1-SA1 can achieve an 87 % tumor inhibition rate without observable systemic toxicity. These results reveal the great potential of SA as a carrier for conjugating anti-tumor drugs and 1-SA1 for TAMs-targeted PDT.