Webbmorrison5178
f urine output is important for patients with NEC. Without it, 11% of those with severe AKI would have been misdiagnosed using serum creatinine alone. Kidney-protective strategies in the pre-, peri-, and postoperative period may improve the morbidity and mortality associated with severe AKI in neonates with NEC.
Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have lifelong increased risk of respiratory morbidities associated with environmental pathogen exposure and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The resident immune cells of the lung play vital roles in host defense. However, the effect of perinatal events associated with BPD on pulmonary-specific immune cells is not well understood.
We used a double-hit model of BPD induced by prenatal chorioamnionitis followed by postnatal hyperoxia, and performed a global transcriptome analysis of all resident pulmonary immune cells.
We show significant up-regulation of genes involved in chemokine-mediated signaling and immune cell chemotaxis, and down-regulation of genes involved in multiple T lymphocyte functions. Multiple genes involved in T cell receptor signaling are downregulated and Cd8a gene expression remains downregulated at 2 months of age in spite of recovery in normoxia for 6 weeks. Furthermore, the proportion of CD8a+CD3+ pulmonary immune celhit model of BPD induced by chorioamnionitis and postnatal hyperoxia, we identified pulmonary immune cell-specific transcriptomic changes and showed that T cell receptor signaling genes are downregulated in short term and long term. This is the first comprehensive report delineating transcriptomic changes in resident immune cells of the lung in a translationally relevant double-hit model of BPD. Our study identifies novel resident pulmonary immune cell-specific targets for potential therapeutic modulation to improve short- and long-term respiratory health of preterm infants with BPD.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following pediatric cardiac transplantation. Since no treatments exist, strategies focus on early identification and prevention. Kinetic glomerular filtration rate (kGFR) was developed to assess renal function in the non-steady state. Although used to predict AKI in adults, kGFR has not been explored in children. Our study examines AKI and the ability of kGFR to identify AKI risk in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
One hundred and seventy-five patients under 21 years who underwent cardiac transplantation at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital between September 2007-December 2017 were included. kGFR
was calculated using pre-operative and immediate post-operative creatinines; kGFR
was calculated with the first two post-operative creatinines. The primary outcome was AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.
One hundred and thirty-one (75%) and 78 (45%) patients developed AKI and severe AKI, respectively; 5 (2.9%) required dialysis.ely identify AKI risk in children undergoing cardiac transplantation. Current published studies on kGFR are in adult populations; this study represents the first formal study of kGFR in a pediatric population. kGFR may serve as an early AKI indicator, allowing providers to implement preventative strategies sooner in a patient's clinical course.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affects medical care worldwide, including patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, we aimed to assess its impact on health care provision, fear of infection, adherence to medical treatment, and compliance with preventative instructions in children and adolescents with IBD.
A cross-sectional telephonic survey using a Likert scale-based questionnaire was conducted among all pediatric patients with IBD from a single tertiary medical center.
A total of 244 pediatric patients with IBD were included in the study, reporting a high rate of fear of severe COVID-19 infection due to IBD or IBD medications (198, 81.1%). Most of the patients obeyed the Ministry of Health instructions (228, 93.4%), while almost 50% took additional protective measures including avoidance of school and complete lockdown. Concerns regarding the attendance of regular clinics (116, 47.5%) and emergency room in case of IBD exacerbation (178, 73%) were frequently reported. Only 7 patitric patients with IBD during the pandemic is similar to the adherence rate among adults with IBD. Almost 50% of pediatric patients with IBD took additional protective measures including avoidance of school and voluntary lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.After pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLA), pelvic vessels, nerve, and ureter are skeletonized. Internal hernias beneath the skeletonized pelvic structure following pelvic lymphadenectomy (IBSPP) are a rare complication following PLA. To the best of our knowledge, only 12 IBSPP cases have been reported and clinical details on such hernias remain unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the incident and etiology of IBSPP. 1313 patients who underwent open or laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy were identified from our database. A retrospective review was performed. Mean follow-up period was 33.9 months. A total of 12 patients had IBSPP. Multivariate analysis of laparoscopic surgeries group as compared to open surgeries group, para-aortic lymphadenectomy rate, number of dissected lymph nodes by PLA, antiadhesive material use rate, and blood loss were lower in laparoscopic surgeries group odd ratio (OR) = 0.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.19], and OR = 0.70 [95% CI 0.50-0.99], OR = 0.17 [95% CI 0.10-0.28], OR = 0.93 [95% CI 0.92-0.94]. However, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of IBSPP between laparoscopic surgery (1.0%) and open surgery (0.8%). All IBSPP occurred in the right pelvic space. These findings may contribute to the development of prevention methods for this disease.Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have a prominent role in the maintenance of intestine mucosa homeostasis. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important modulator of immune cell activation and a key mechanism for cellular adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, its role on ILC3 is not well known. In this study, we investigated how a hypoxic environment modulates ILC3 response and the subsequent participation of HIF-1 signaling in this process. We found increased proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC3 at low oxygen levels, a response that was phenocopied when HIF-1α was chemically stabilized and was reversed when HIF-1 was blocked. ENOblock The increased activation of ILC3 relied on a HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional program, but not on mTOR-signaling or a switch to glycolysis. HIF-1α deficiency in RORyt compartment resulted in impaired IL-17 and IL-22 production by ILC3 in vivo, which reflected in a lower expression of their target genes in the intestinal epithelium and an increased susceptibility to Clostridiodes difficile infection.
