Quinngallagher3513

To determine the accuracy of CBCT devices, the absolute error rate of each parameter was calculated using micro-CT measurements as the reference value with thresholding determined by the operator. RESULTS The thresholding method performed by the operator had lower absolute error values for area, perimeter, and major and minor diameters, differing (P less then .05) from Otsu's automatic method, with no differences between the CBCT machines. CONCLUSIONS An overestimation of area, roundness, and major and minor diameters and an underestimation of the perimeter were shown for the 3 CBCT machines evaluated. Thresholding determined by the operator is more accurate than that determined by Otsu's automatic method for the assessment of 2-dimensional morphometric parameters, which could direct influence in the diagnosis and endodontic treatment plan. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a tool with great potential to help endoscopists in the tasks of detecting and histologically classifying colorectal polyps. In recent years, different technologies have been described and their potential utility has been increasingly evidenced, which has generated great expectations among scientific societies. However, most of these works are retrospective and use images of different quality and characteristics which are analysed off line. This review aims to familiarise gastroenterologists with computational methods and the particularities of endoscopic imaging, which have an impact on image processing analysis. Cell Cycle inhibitor Finally, the publicly available image databases, needed to compare and confirm the results obtained with different methods, are presented. Aberrant content of sialic acids (Sias) has been observed in various human cancer types in different organs. Sias have been implicated in cancerous transformation, invasiveness and metastasis, and in the escaping of cancer cells from immune surveillance. Indeed, Sias are commonly regarded as important biomarkers to distinguish cancer cells from their healthy counterparts. However, scarce and not exhaustive investigations have been performed on Sia content in testicular cancers and, in particular, in seminoma, one of the most common malignant testicular tumors. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the content and distribution of Sias with different glycosidic linkage, namely α2,3 and α2,6 galactose- or N-acetyl-galactosamine-linked Sias and polymeric Sia (polySia), in the germinal and stromal components of human testes affected by seminoma compared to normal testicular tissue. Structural changes in seminoma tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. α2,3 and α2,6 linked Sias were evaluatpossibility that polySia might represent an important biomarker for seminoma deserves further investigation. Agricultural pest control is a popular research topic, and essential oils are widely studied because they represent a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. However, despite the increase in studies on pests, little work has been done on pesticide contamination of the predators feeding on insecticide-affected prey. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) from the essential oils of Mentha spicata L. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel on the histology, including histochemistry (from protein and carbohydrate analysis) and immunohistochemistry (from the evaluation of cellular apoptosis), of the midgut of fifth instar nymphs of Podisus nigrispinus (stinkbug) (Dallas). The periods of analysis were 12, 24, and 48 h after ingestion of Alabama argillacea Hübner caterpillars treated with the respective oils. The oil from M. spicata did not cause histological alterations or apoptosis in the insect. However, there was a reduction in the level of carbohydrates within the 48-h period. After 24 h, the oil of M. alternifolia caused an elongation of digestive cells and, after 48 h, cell lysis with the release of material into the lumen, suggesting tissue necrosis. The immunohistochemical study revealed no apoptotic process. There was a reduction in the neutral carbohydrate levels in the 24- and 48-h periods and in the number of regenerative cells, when compared to the control, after the period of 48 h. These results demonstrate that M. spicata oil has potential for use in cotton fields because it does not affect the vital characteristics of P. nigrispinus. However, the essential oil of M. alternifolia is not suitable for use as a pesticide because it is extremely toxic to predators. INTRODUCTION Low risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, WHO prognostic score of 0 to 6, is highly curable. There is no consensus on the optimal chemotherapy. Common regimens are q2wk actinomycin-D (ACT-D), weekly intramuscular methotrexate (MTX) or multi-day MTX. Combination MTX/ACT-D is rarely used. METHODS A four centre, retrospective cohort study was carried out comparing commonly used regimens weekly MTX, q2weekly ACT-D and q2 weekly MTX and ACT-D. RESULTS 412 patients - 196 MTX/ACT-D, 107 MTX, 109 ACT-D - were treated between October 1994 and January 2019. Initial regimen failure (secondary to resistance or toxicity) occurred in 37% (MTX), 21% (ACT-D) and 5% (MTX/ACT-D). Relapse after completion of primary therapy (initial plus switch to another therapy if needed) was rare (0-5%). All eventually were cured. Mean number of cycles required to achieve remission were 10.1 (MTX), 7 (ACT-D) and 5.6 (MTX/ACT-D) with corresponding mean treatment durations of 3.12, 2.9 and 2.26 months. Dosage reductions occurred in 3% (MTX), 0% (ACT-D) and 29% (MTX/ACT-D). Higher failure rates occurred with WHO prognostic scores of 5 to 6 and HCG levels ≥10,000. SUMMARY Initial regimen failure ie the need to switch to an alternative treatment was more common with MTX. ACT-D and MTX/ACT-D were similar within prognostic score 0-4 or HCG  less then  10,000. ACT-D then appears the better initial choice with its superior convenience. Above these levels primary failure rates are less with MTX/ACT-D, making it a better choice. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the association between hormone replacement therapy and the incidence of subsequent malignancies in patients who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and had mutations predisposing them to Müllerian cancers. METHODS This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study was performed at five academic institutions. Women were included if they were age 18-51 years, had one or more confirmed germline highly penetrant pathogenic variants, and underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Patients with a prior malignancy were excluded. Clinicodemographic data were collected by chart review. Patients with no documented contact for one year prior to study termination were called to confirm duration of hormone use and occurrence of secondary outcomes. Hormone replacement therapy included any combination of estrogen or progesterone. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 159 women, of which 82 received hormone replacement therapy and 77 did not. In both groups an average of 6 years since risk reduction had passed.