Baunmatzen6713

This study investigated how a chloramine loss and nitrifying conditions influenced putative pathogenic bacterial diversity in bulk water and biofilm of a laboratory- and a full-scale chloraminated water distribution systems. Fifty-four reference databases containing full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database were prepared to represent fifty-four pathogenic bacterial species listed in the World Health Organisation and Australian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines. When 16S rRNA gene sequences of all samples were screened against the fifty-four reference pathogenic databases, a total of thirty-one putative pathogenic bacteria were detected in both laboratory- and full-scale systems where total chlorine residuals ranged between 0.03 - 2.2 mg/L. Pathogenic bacterial species Mycolicibacterium fortuitum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were noted in all laboratory (i.e. in bulk water and biofilm) and in bulk water of full-scale samples and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum dominated when chloramine residuals were high. Other different pathogenic bacterial species were observed dominant with decaying chloramine residuals. This study for the first time reports the diverse abundance of putative pathogenic bacteria resilient towards chloramine and highlights that metagenomics surveillance of drinking water can serve as a rapid assessment and an early warning of outbreaks of a large number of putative pathogenic bacteria.Mercury (Hg) is a global and persistent pollutant which can be methylated to more toxic forms (methylmercury; MeHg) in natural systems. Both forms pose a health risk to humans and wildlife, and exposure often begins in aquatic environments. Therefore, quantifying aquatic concentrations and identifying source pathways is important for understanding biotic exposure. In this study, data from estuaries in the Northeast United States were combined to evaluate how point source contamination impacts the concentration and source dynamics of water column total and MeHg with an emphasis on sediment versus non-sediment sources. Partial least squares regression models were implemented to identify a set of variables most related to water column MeHg and total Hg (HgT) across the estuaries. The main findings suggest that contaminated sites have strong internal recycling of HgT that dominates over external inputs, and this leads to elevated concentrations of HgT and MeHg in the local water columns. However, HgT sources in uncontaminated estuarine systems have a strong connection to the local watershed with dissolved HgT linked to dissolved organic carbon, and particulate HgT linked to watershed land use and estuarine mixing. There was little correlative evidence that water column MeHg concentrations were linked to sediment in such systems, but unlike HgT, the concentrations were also not clearly linked to the watershed. Instead, in situ methylation of dissolved water column HgT appeared to dominate the MeHg source pathway. The results suggest that Hg point-source contaminated sites should be considered independently from non-contaminated sites in terms of management, and that land use plays an important indirect role in coastal MeHg dynamics.

Tools for training and education of dental students can improve their ability to perform technical procedures such as dental implant placement. Shortage of training can negatively affect dental implantologists' performance during intraoperative procedures, resulting in lack of surgical precision and, consequently, inadequate implant placement, which may lead to unsuccessful implant supported restorations or other complications.

We designed and developed IMMPLANT a virtual reality educational tool to assist implant placement learning, which allows users to freely manipulate 3D dental models (e.g., a simulated patient's mandible and implant) with their dominant hand while operating a touchscreen device to assist 3D manipulation.

The proposed virtual reality tool combines an immersive head-mounted display, a small hand tracking device and a smartphone that are all connected to a laptop. The operator's dominant hand is tracked to quickly and coarsely manipulate either the 3D dental model or the virtual implant, while the non-dominant hand holds a smartphone converted into a controller to assist button activation and a greater input precision for 3D implant positioning and inclination. see more We evaluated IMMPLANT's usability and acceptance during training sessions with 16 dental professionals.

The conducted user acceptance study revealed that IMMPLANT constitutes a versatile, portable, and complementary tool to assist implant placement learning, as it promotes immersive visualization and spatial manipulation of 3D dental anatomy.

IMMPLANT is a promising virtual reality tool to assist student learning and 3D dental visualization for implant placement education. IMMPLANT may also be easily incorporated into training programs for dental students.

IMMPLANT is a promising virtual reality tool to assist student learning and 3D dental visualization for implant placement education. IMMPLANT may also be easily incorporated into training programs for dental students.

To analyse the differences in the quality of the basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between the algorithms of compressions with rescue ventilation (CPR [302]) and chest compressions only (CPR [C/O]). In addition, the specific objective was to study the effectiveness of the physical manoeuvre of mouth-to-mouth ventilations performed by nursing students after the completion of a simulation training program in Basic Life Support (BLS) standardized in the study plan approved for the Nursing Degree at a Spanish university.

analytical, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study with clinical simulation of 114 students enrolled in the third year of the Nursing Degree.

the mean depth of chest compressions was 47.6mm (SD 9.5) for CPR [302] and 45mm (SD 8.8) when CPR [C/O] was performed (t=5.39, p<0.0001, CI95% 1.69-3.65). The compressions with complete chest re-expansion were 106 (SD 55) for CPR [302] and 138 (SD 85) for CPR [C/O] [t=-4.75, p<0.0001, CI95% -44.6 - (-18.4)]. Of the participants, 28.1% correctly ventilated with the head-tilt/chin-lift manoeuvre (Fisher p<0.